基于场路耦合时空有限元的永磁电机瞬态特性研究

　　基于场路耦合时空有限元的永磁电机瞬态特性研究
　　Permanent magnet motor has obvious merits such as simple structure,small volume,light mass,little dissipation,high efficiency ratio and various shapes.It’s used commonly in industry,agriculture,aerospace,national defense and daily life.For satisfying the high performance of permanent magnet motor,much more accurate calculation and analyze need to be done.It’s necessary to establish a method that is suitable for numerical calculation neodymium magnets of permanent magnet motor.This paper concentrates on research of transient process of permanent magnet motor.
　　The research is based on theoretical basis and application technology of the space-time finite element method.Method of field-circuit coupled with electric circuit is also used in the research. Following phrases are concerned.In the application research of the space-time finite element method,the engineering practicability problems,which mainly are the medium nonlinear problem,the medium motion problem and the coupling problem between the magnetic field and the circuits, are thoroughly discussed.Aimed to the electromagnetic domain,the space-time finite element method formulation in which the medium nonlinear is given,the measure which deal with the medium motion is http://www.chinamagnets.biz pointed,and the space-time finite element method formulation in which the electromagnetic field and the circuits are coupled is given.The paper proposed a method dealing with stator and rotor.Stator and rotor uses different coordinates.Boundary cycle conditions are used to deal with interfaces of stator and rotor.Magnetic field’s periodicity is conceded plenty.The content is the application basis of the space-time finite element method.For the transient electromagnetic field,the functional in form of convolution in which the vector variable and boundaries are considered is given,the space-time finite element is analyzed and the space-time finite element method formula is given.Basic transient electromagnetic field model and coupled field-circuit model are all given. This paper first builds magneto electric machine’s two-dimension emulation model based on its three-dimension model,then adds two-dimension circuit model outside the emulation model.With coupling field-circuit of the tow models,magneto electric machine’s electromagnetic field is analyzed.The test result of the magneto electric machine solid model proves that this emulation is practical.

采用低分辨率位置传感器的正弦波永磁同步电机控制系统

　　采用低分辨率位置传感器的正弦波永磁同步电机控制系统
　　In recent years, due to the development of permanent magnetic material, permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely used. According to the difference of back electromotive-force (EMF) and cunent waveform, permanent magnet synchronous motor is divided into trapezoidal permanent magnet synchronous motor (Brushless DC motor) and sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous motor (Permanent magnet synchronous motor). In order to achieve sinusoidal current control, sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous motor usually requires high resolution position sensor such as encoder or resolver to obtain exact rotor position information. Such sensors add length to the machine, reaise the system cost, increase rotor inertia, and is easily affected the environment factors. rare earth magnets Many sensorless drive solutions have been proposed to eliminate position sensors for PMSM in recent years. However, these solutions still exist other problems, for example, they are very difficult to control and obtain exact rotor position information, and also the range of speed is limited. In order to resolve above-mentioned problems,
　　we study obtaining high resolution position estimation from the low resolution sensors to achieve sinusoidal current drive.Firstly, in this paper the traditional position estimation method is theoretically analysised which adopts average rotor speed in position section or average rotor speed along with average rotor acceleration rate in position section. In order to solve the insufficiency of traditional methods, this paper proposed one improved method which estimates the initial speed in position section to advance the estimative precision of the speed and rotor position. This paper establishes models of above-mentioned three methods in matlab and simulations are conducted in http://www.chinamagnets.biz order to analyze the methods. The results show the improved method can maintain little error at accelerating or decelerating process and the performance has obviously surpassed the traditional methods.Secondly, in this paper a prototype control system of sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous with low resolution position sensors based on TMS320LF2407A is constructed. The hardware of the control system includes TI’s DSP TMS320LF2407A, IR’s diver IR2110 is designed and made by the author. Studying the control strategy of sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous motor without current sensor, the paper finds voltage phase is very important in the performance of PMSM. In order to obtain optimal φ= f(ω) curve, we must optimize the curve according as the load characteristics.At last the software of sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous with low resolution position sensors is designed based on TMS320LF2407A. This paper discusses the position estimation software and SVPWM software in detail and has carried on experiment to confirm it.

Research on Six-phases PMLSM Control System

　　Research on Six-phases PMLSM Control System
　　The linear serve motor which works as a new feeding mode has shows its tremendous power. With the rapid development of the permanent magnet material, the permanent magnet linear sever motor is widely used in many territories, and the permanent magnet linear sever motor has dominated the main position as a result of the feature of its high efficiency of power and structure flexibility. Multi-phased permanent magnet synchronous linear sever motor is the development of the permanent magnet synchronous linear sever motor. What I have researched is permanent magnet synchronous linear sever motor which is applied with the method of the YY-coil 30°six-phase technology. The stator Ball Neodymium Magnets winding is designed with the distance of 30°electricity angles and two series YY-coil 30°six-phase systems which is not the same with the normal ones. And the advantages are that it can eliminate the fifth harmonic and the seventh harmonic in the gap MMF.To be compared with the common three-phase motor, the mutual-phase motor has two aspect advantages mainly: one is that it can lower the motor exhausts, reduce the motor pulsation and improve the system efficiency and stabilities; two is that it can carry out the great power with the low-pressure part. Therefore, its development and application are paid attention to at our country and at abroad.
　　This text uses the TI Company’s motor appropriation microprocessor TMS320LF2407A DSP (digital signal processor) for the control core, and studies the design and the control of the six-phase permanent magnet linear synchronous servo system which is based on DSP. At first, it introduces the application and the development trend of the linear motor and the http://www.chinamagnets.biz working principles, the characteristics of the linear motor, the control strategy and the contents this text wants to study. Secondly, with taking the general analysis to the permanent magnet synchronous motor’s control strategy, the text has chosen the control strategy of this system, and introduced permanent magnet linear synchronous motor ’s working principles and the characteristics of the mutual-phase system, and has researched the vector control and coordinate transformation taking the YY-coil 30°six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor for example; Then it introduces the DSP’s development history, characteristics and application, and explains the advantages on the function which are taken with comparing the DSP with other single slice machine or general microprocessor. At last, it carries on the study and analysis of the system to the related hardware in hardware electric circuit first, and discusses the hardware design and the main software of flow chart and algorithms of the six-phase permanent magnet linear synchronous servo system which is based on DSP in detail, which provides certain theories for the mutual-phase linear motor applied in the servo control system.

CAD of Permanent Magnetic DC Motors

　　CAD of Permanent Magnetic DC Motors
　　With the incessant development of permanent magnet materials and power electro-apparatus, the Permanent Magnetic Direct Current Electromotors (PMDCM) have received fast development, and they are widely used in all fields, such as industry, agriculture, national defense, aerospace engineering, modern science and technology, and daily life. So in the field of motor technology, it is more and more important to accurately design PMDCM with reason. Contraposed PMDCM’s peculiarity, in this paper, the PMDCM’s CAD system has studied.Motor designing is iterative calculation, which increases designers’ task without question.
　　In order to validate projects, the designers don’t Alnico magnets only put forward all kinds of possible design projects, but also iteratively calculate motor parameter. So actualizing motor CAD can predigest the design process, and make the designers take much time to find mew calculation method and other calculation task will be completed by the computers.By the research of motor CAD theory and technique, this paper brings forward motor CAD conception for users and implements CAD system. In this thesis the application of the PMDCM and electricity motor design technique performance index are introduced. The actuality and development of electric motor CAD technique is analyzed. Based on the studying the PMDCM’s peculiarity, the computer programmer is worked out, which is suitable for the computer calculation, and the CAD system has been developed, http://www.999magnet.com in which the object-oriented programming method and modularization design technique are used. The CAD system based on Windows operation system is developed through C++Builder6.0 language, and project database-managing is used in this system. The CAD system which is comprised of electromagnetic design, performance testing, motor design and the curve of motor’s specialty, it shows friendly interface, convenient operation, and it plays an important role for motor designers to do electromagnetic design. The CAD software’s scheme and realization is discussed in detail in this thesis, and some key technology about software design such as database technology, graph dealing technology is studied. This paper shows the design value and experiment value of a sample PMDCM and the result proves that this CAD software is accurate and can be applied to PMDCM electromagnetic design for producers and is of certain application to manufacturing enterprises.

Study on Properties and Utilization in Research on Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet

　　Study on Properties and Utilization in Research on Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor High-performance Direct Torque Control
　　Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in high-performance drives such as industrial robots and machine tools thanks to their known advantages as: high power density, high-torque/inertia ratio, and free maintenance. Although the advantages of Direct Torque Control (DTC) over conventional Vector Control (VC) include the simple structure, motor parameter independent and fast torque response, there are many problems such as error in Special shape NdFeB magnets  stator flux, torque ripple. So, study on control strategy for PMSM DTC has great significance.The main contents include:①In this paper, the structure of PMSM , mathematical model and the principle of PMSM DTC are described. The selection and the role of voltage space vector in PMSM DTC are expounded in detail, and that the traditional DTC deficiencies have been discussed.②The traditional PMSM DTC has many problems, such as stator flux error, the existence of DC drift. A new type of cross-compensation flux observer algorithm is presented in this paper, which exchange the sequence of Low-Pass Filter(LPF) and the compensator.
　　Low-Pass Filter is used in the transient. in the steady state, compensation to flux is activated. New flux observer can effectively solve the problems such as DC drift, measuring interference, and improve the accuracy of flux observation. The observer is very simple in structure, robust to motor parameters uncertainty and easy to implement in the industrial http://www.999magnet.com application③None of the available vectors in the conventional DTC system can offer precise torque and flux linkage control. To further improve the performance, a space vector modulation (SVM) method is proposed in this thesis to offer the desired space voltage vector for accurate control of the torque and the stator flux linkage. A space voltage vector used to compensate the error of the torque and stator flux linkage is calculated based on the error vector between the reference and the actual stator flux linkage.④The simulation of new flux observer by Matlab is done in low and high speed. The results of simulation indicate that the new flux observer can estimate accurately the stator flux linkage.

Research of the New Materials of Long-lasting Phosphors and Upconversion Luminescence

　　Research of the New Materials of Long-lasting Phosphors and Upconversion Luminescence
　　Long-lasting phosphorescence and upconversion luminescence are two important area in luminescence material, which can be used in many fields, including illumination, decoration and optical deta storage. In this thesis, several long afterglow and upconversion luminescence materials in oxysulfide were reported. Furthermore, the optical characteristics and the mechanism of the occurrence of these materials were discussed carefully. This thesis is divided into seven Block Neodymium magnets chapters.In the first chapter, one briefly introduce of the development about the persistent afterglow luminescence and upconversion luminescence, as well as the current survey, research significants and the results in this thesis.In the second chapter, the afterglow luminescence of Gd2O2S: Ti was reported, and the mechanism of the hole and electron was synthesized.In the third chapter, we discussed the long-lasting luminescence of Gd2O2S: Er, Ti, and give the mechanism of energy transfer from Ti to Er. In the fourth chapter, some rare earth ions like La, Gd, Lu were doped into the Y2O2S host, and the afterglow luminescence was checked; meanwhile the mechanism was discussed.In the fifth chapter, we introduce the the upconversion luminescence in Y2O2S host according the their optical spectra, while the Er, Yb, Tm, Ho, Sm were doped.In the sixth chapter, the up-conversion luminescence materials yttrium http://www.999magnet.com oxysulfide doped by yb3+/Er3+ were systhesized by oprecipitation with their subsequent thermal decomposition in presence of sulphur, the luminescence properties and morphology from these products systhesized were contraled by different synthsis temperature and time.In the seventh chapter, the self-active luminescence of YOR(R=F,Cl,Br) were reported; also the defect type were analyzed with thermoluminescence spectra.

Study on Fused Iron Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

　　Study on Fused Iron Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
　　The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) offers the potential of converting syngas into high value chemicals. Although several metals are active for the FTS, only iron and cobalt catalysts appear economically feasible on an industrial scale. Controlling selectivity is an important aspect of FTS catalyst development, depending on promoters and the process conditions employed.The precursors、promoters、reaction conditions and son were studyed in this paper, and characterized by means of XRD, TPR, BET, and TPD and so on to provide better insight into the relationship therein. Main results from this work were as follows.It was found that there was little effect of Magnetic lifter different precursor for the conversion of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The lower CH4 and CO2 were produced by the precursor of Fe3O4 - FeO coexisted, the CO adsorption was better, but the H2 adsorption was not good, it was maybe the more K contents on the surface.With K added the carbon number distribution was presented by two values of a. With the increase of Potassium content, the adsorption of CO was enhanced, the beginning reduction temperature of the catalysts was decreased, carbonization of catalyst was enhanced, The interactions of Al、Ca、Fe were also enhanced, the conversion was increased at first and then flattened out at high conversion levels, especially the formation of methane http://www.999magnet.com was suppressed, but carbon deposition was increased, the selectivity of olefins and higher molecular weight products were enhanced and the WGS reaction was facilitated.As the structural promoters Al2O3, CaO, which were no effect on the F-T synthesis conversion, the effect of K was weakened, WGS reaction was restrained by added CaO. To some extent, the addition of rare earth oxide, then the FexC phase of the XRD patters was increased.The study of reaction conditions indicated that the lower temperature, H2/CO ration and lower pace velocity, the formation of methane was greatly suppressed, but the pressure was not clearly. The partile size decreased to 0.1 mm, the internal diffusion was eliminated.

Structural and Magnetic Study of Melt-spun CeCo5 Ribbons

　　Structural and Magnetic Study of Melt-spun CeCo5 Ribbons
　　RCo5 (R = Y, Ce, Pr, Sm)-type intermetallic compounds with CaCu5 structure have attracted considerable attention due to their large anisotropy fields HA, relatively high saturation magnetizations MS and high Curie temperatures TC. But only SmCo5 magnet has been widely used because there are some technical difficulties in fabrication of several other materials, and no easy access to high-coercivity requested by the fine micro-structure. Rapid quenching (melt-spun) possess controllable rapid cooling speed, which is easy to fabricate small and fine micro-structure. Rapied quenching (melt-spun) has been widely used in Bonded NdFeB Magnets fabrication also for its convenience and low energy consumption. Many researchers have fabricated melt-spun YCo5, PrCo5 and SmCo5 magnet, but the magnetic properties still could not satisfy the practical requirements. Recently, obvious grain orientation of melt-spun RCo5 has been reported, which makes use of melt-spun RCo5 anisotropic Ring neodymium magnet bonded magnets possible. CeCo5 posses similar inherent magnetic properties as SmCo5, especially that Ce is much cheaper than Sm in price due to its rich reseves, these make the study on anisotropic melt-spun CeCo5 permanent magnet so significant.In this work, melt-spun CeCo5 ribbons have been made, and the effect of ingredient and cooling speed on gain orientation and magnetic properties have been investigated. In addition, magnetic properties of ribbons have been improved by Cu and Fe doping and annealing treatment. At the same time, the magnetization reversal mechanism has also been discussed and analyzed. The main activities include as following:I. Structure and magnetic properties of CeCo5 binary alloy ribbons 1. melt-spun CeCo5.4 ribbonsR-rich phase has been found in arc-melt Ce-Co alloy with the ratio of 1:5 beside CeCo5 phase, which could be inhibited by increasing Co content, Ce-Co alloy with single CeCo5 phase has been obtained at the ratio of 1:5.4 finally.With surface velocities (Vr) of the Cu roll are 5 m/s, 15m/s, 25m/s and 35m/s, ribbons have been fabricated. XRD study on no-contact surface of CeCo5.4 ribbons shows that: The existence of the (111) strong peaks in 5m/s ribbons indicates that the crystal grains near no-contact surface have strong axis orientation, most crystal grains’(111) plane parallel to the surface of the ribbons, that is, [111] axis perpendicular to the surface of the ribbons, with the C-axis distributed in the [111] axis angle of about 50o of a cone. The (111) peaks of 15m/s, 25m/s and 35m/s ribbons gradually weakened, the (110) and (200) peaks gradually increased, thus, most C-axis changed to parallel to the surface of the ribbons.Magnetic properties of CeCo5.4 ribbons were tested along the ribbon length, ribbon width and perpendicular to the ribbon plane by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), ribbon length direction is always easy magnetization direction. Thinking over the test results of XRD, we can figure out that C-axis should prefer to arrange along the ribbon length direction. http://www.chinamagnets.biz For the ribbons spun at Vr=5m/s, the difficult magnetization direction is along ribbon width, and for those spun at Vr=15m/s, 25m/s and 35m/s the difficult magnetization direction perpendicular to the ribbon plane, consistent with the crystallographic texture evident in the XRD pattern’s comparison. Using magnetic moments in three directions and Vr curve to describe the changing trends of magnetic anisotropy as Vr change, we can find out that magnetic anisotropy weakens as Vr increases.Large numbers of angle stripes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the sections of ribbons, which exist in most ribbons. Ares contain stripes shrink as Vr increase, and magnetic anisotropy weaken, so we can relate the stripes with magnetic anisotropy. In addition, scanning electron micrographs for the non-contact surfaces of ribbons show that grain size decrease as Vr increase. On the other hand, coercivity increase as grain size decrease, therefore, it is an effective way to increase coercivity by decreasing grain size.2. melt-spun CeCo5 and CeCo4.6ribbonsAlthough orientated textures exist in melt-spun CeCo5.4 ribbons, the coercivities are too low to satisfy the practical requirements.
　　For the reason that the magnetic anisotropy field of Rare Earth - Transition alloy increases as the rare-earth content increases, we fabricated melt-spun CeCo5 and CeCo4.6 ribbons as well. Besides crystal axis orientation and magnetic anisotropy we find out that, with Ce content increase, the magnetic anisotropy of ribbons spun at low Vr enhanced, and the trend of isotropy with Vr increased enhenced. The coercivities increased as well.II. Structure and magnetic properties of CeCo4.5Cu0.9 ternary alloy ribbons For sintered CeCo5 permanent magnet, precipitation hardening effect could be caused by dropping Cu element, which will improve coercivity. Thus, CeCo4.5Cu0.9 ribbons were fabricated. XRD and VSM test showed that for the ribbons spun at Vr=5m/s and 15m/s strong rystal-axis orientation existed; for the ribbons spun at Vr=25m/s and 35m/s tended to isotropic. Precipitation hardening effect performed good in the ribbons spun at 5m/s for coercivity improved notablely, and hardly performed in the ribbons spun at 25m/s and 35m/s for most Cu solute in Ce(Co,Cu)5, which reduce the anisotropy field and decrease the coercivity.Heat treatments were prepared to further enhance the coercivity. Large numbers of Cu separated out after 15min 400℃anneal, which was test by SEM and EDX. At the same time, hysteresis loop appeared serious Fengyao phenomenon. We conjecture that 400℃anneal process led to Ce (Co, Cu) 5→Ce2 (Co, Cu)17 + Ce5 (Co, Cu)19 + Cu decomposition reaction, the emergence of low coercivity 2:17 phase caused Fengyao phenomenon. After 15min 500℃anneal, less Cu seperated out and Fengyao phenomenon gradually disappeared. Anneal promoted the formation of CeCu5, precipitation-hardening effect caused further improvement of coercivity.III. Structure and magnetic properties of CeCo4Fe0.5Cu0.9 quaternary alloy ribbonsDropping Cu element can increase the coercivity but decrease the magnetic moment. Therefore, Fe element was dropped to increase magnetic moment without decrease coercivity. Crystal axis orientation existed in CeCo4Cu0.9Fe0.5 ribbons, (111) strong peaks existed in the ribbons spun at low Vr, and crystal-axis orientation existed. Ribbons spun at high Vr trended to isotropy. Dropping Fe element increased magnetic moment and decrease coercivity slightly. Structure and magnetic properties of CeCo4Cu0.9Fe0.5 ribbons could also be imporved by heat treatment. Excellent magnetic properties have been obtained by 500℃anneal for 15 min. On the one hand, coercivity improved significantly, especially for the ribbons spun at Vr=5m/s, the coercivity has reached 4200 Oe, which is far more than CeCo5.4 ribbons’300 Oe. On the other hand, magnetic moment decreased slightly. Furthermore, the coercivity decreased notablely and magnetic moment increased after 600℃anneal for 15 min.

Development of Magnetostrictive Strument and Measurement

　　Development of Magnetostrictive Strument and Measurement
　　Rare-earth giant magnetostrictive material is a material with large magnetostriction, short response time, large magnetic - mechanical coupling coefficient, wide frequency band, low drive voltage, environmental protection and many other advantages. Therefore, it has broad application prospects, it will be a new concern to the people of another Rare Earth Functional Materials.For the current rapid development of magnetostrictive material applications, the measurement methods of magnetostrictive material parameters are constantly improving. Magnetostrictive parameter measurement use different ways in accordance with the principle of magnetostrictive, such as strain resistance , capacitors, optical lever, optical interferometry, displacement transfer method, etc. These measurement methods have variant merits and drawbacks.In practical applications, magnetostrictive materials are often virgulate. Ball Neodymium Magnets Therefore, the test magnetostrictive properties of the rod materials for the development and application of materials is of great significance. This topic is in rod magnetostrictive material developed a magnetostrictive measurement instruments. Apparatus include power structure, the excitation coil, micro-displacement sensor and output signal Digital Display SystemFor the magnetic field which beget magnetostriction , we used solenoid electromagnet as an incentive magnetic field. Design principle is simple, practical, compact, light weight, small size. in the production multi-storey solenoids of limited length and radius are used. Its length and radius ratio is l / r≥6, this will obtain the larger uniform distribution space of internal magnetic field intensity . In order to not stop the flexing materials, we design that the largest diameter of the sample has no contact with the coil skeleton, At the same time gap can not be too large, otherwise the magnetic field intensity surrounding material will be small. We made a water-cooling interlayer to prevent the coil heat which can influence measurements, cooling water flow in from the bottom and flow out from the top of the solenoid, from controling the flow velocity , the temperature of the matetials can be keeped at a stable value, so we can eliminate the influence of thermal expansion of materials. After test on non-ferromagnetism material Al stick, and sample has no thermal expansion phenomenon via water-cooled. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the impact of magnetic field on the sensor, the sensor will be placed outside solenoid where have no magnetic field, the locality is fixed on by electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell 2D. The result of simulation is the magnetic field uniformity and stability in the center of solenoid, the field gradually reduced forth from the solenoid and it become almost zero at the place 10 centimeters from the solenoid, so sensors is put in place at 11 cm. We add samples in the central location of solenoid and electrify the solenoid to generated magnetic field, the flexing of sample transfer through the Copper Rods to micro-displacement sensors, it will avoid the impact of the external magnetic field, and amplify the output signal of the displacement. The output signal of magnetic field and displacement display by two digital meters, they show directly the value of the magnetic field and the displacement values after calibration. Calibration of electromagnet is completed by Hall measurements and flux measurement methods, the http://www.chinamagnets.biz results in two ways are identical.In this paper, the magnetostrictive coefficient is measured by micro-displacement transmission methods.
　　Micro-displacement sensor is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, two-stage differential transformer using the empirical formula as a reference to determine their skeleton structure size. In the paper, we use innovatively NE555 modulation circuit to generate pulse frequency, to provide the original coil vibrating voltage. In the part of signal measurement we use the differential rectifier circuit In order to identify the direction of movement and eliminate zero point residual voltage . This design improved sensitivity and stability, and linear relationship of displacement variation and voltage in the output displace between -3 ~ 3 mm was good. Via calibtating the sensor its output voltage transform into homologous displacement.We Select the magnetic material nickel rod which is known to measure its magnetostriction curve and compare with the experiment results record in the books, the two results are very close. The magnetostrictive characteristic curve of Giant magnetostrictive materials Terfenol-D is also measured, and then compare with the experiment results record in the journal, the two results are also very close. Then we explained the phenomenon of magnetostrictive hysteresis, and also compared this curve with the experiment results recorded in the books. At last, through the theoretical foundation of process of magnetization we find the relationship between magnetostriction and magnetization process, and worked out the theoretical characteristics model, finally calculated a theoretical magnetostrictive curve by Matlab software ,it is in good agreement with experimental curve.Experimental and theoretical results show that the measurement system work well on the test accuracy, stability, resolving power etc. .It achieved the desired results.With the development of researching on the ferromagnetic material characteristics the application of magnetostriction on the engineering technology is also developing. It is particularly essential to study on the measurement methods of magnetostriction and it can promote not only the study of the material,but also the application of magnetostrictive effect in the production and life .

基于技术创新的S企业扩张战略研究

　　基于技术创新的S企业扩张战略研究
　　Electric products are used more and more widely due to the development of the society and the technology. That makes the life quality and work efficiency of human beings increased a lot. Human has never stopped exploring how to get more and better service by using electric power after it was discovered. The applications of it are becoming more and more, small as power toothbrush, big as robot, huge as space shuttle. However motors are absolutely necessary in the translation electric power and other energies. Thus makes the permanent magnet becomes very important in this area because they are key parts of the motors since they can store magnetic power. Nowadays to evaluate the developed lever of a company is to check the personal average consumption of the magnetic material. Meanwhile the environment of the earth is becoming worse and worse by the damages from people. Neodymium Magnets So it becomes the focus how to make the motors more efficient to reduce the contamination to the world without any doubt.High performance magnet can improve the efficiency of the motors to reduce the energy loss when it replaces the lower performance magnet in the motors. So it becomes the need of the society and the environment to extend the application area for the high performance magnet. S corporation is a Sino-Japan joint venture which makes high performance bonded NdFeB magnets and components which are widely used in many kinds of micro motors and sensor assemblies. To improve the efficiency and reduce the energy loss of the micro motors while taking place of the ferrites S company still has a long way to travel.The paper designs the blueprint for S corporation according to its actuality and the research from forefathers. It tries to set the technical innovation as the core, put the technical innovation, core brand and international marketing strategies as three supports, integrate the management system, organization system, resource conformity, value chain management and human resource management strategies.
　　Then it can implement its expanding strategy based on technical innovation through three stages and becomes a modernized large -scale manufacturing enterprise with top-ranking management system and creative culture with high society concerns. This paper is structured by six chapters.Chapter one reviews the theory and analyses the actuality of the industry. Firstly the meaning and history of strategic management is reviewed and the superiority and the inferior position of three kinds of strategic thoughts are compared. After that it summarizes the situation of the magnetic material industry in China. Then it makes simple analysis for the bonded NdFeB magnet industry.Chapter http://www.999magnet.com
 two analyses the history of S corporation in detail. Then it describes its development history following with the description of the Bonded NdFeB industrial situation.Chapter three is to verify the importance of the expanding strategy for S corporation. It starts with the meanings and related theory of technical innovation. Then it focuses on analysis to the situation and the competence of S corporation by dint of five force model and SWOT tool from Michael Porter. Based on this the necessity of the expanding strategy for S corporation is proved and meanwhile it was mentioned that S corporation has to keep it’ s superiority of competence.Chapter four designs the expanding strategy for S corporation. First of all it summarizes current structure and operating model. Then it confirms the vision design and its directive ideology. And the feasibility is further analysed based on the above.Chapter five explains the necessity of supporting strategies for S corporation to execute its expanding strategy. It describes the collectivity ideology of the expanding strategy and deploys the technical innovation, core brand and international marketing strategy.Chapter six explains the details of the contents for the expanding strategy. It expatiates the five main measures such as management system , organization, resource conformity, value chain management and human resource management innovation.

Experimental Studies on Micro-resonator with Whispering-gallery Modes Coupled by Tapered Fiber

　　Experimental Studies on Micro-resonator with Whispering-gallery Modes Coupled by Tapered Fiber
　　In recent years,optical microcavities such as microcylinder,microdisk, microring,microsphere have been greatly developed in microcavity laser and spectrum technology.In this thesis,the microsphere/microcylinder and the tapered fiber coupling system,are regarded as the object of study.The discrete structural resonance in the silica microsphere/microcylinder and glass microsphere neodymium magnets doped by Er3+ is experimentally observed.
　　Then we studied more about the characteristics of the resonance.This thesis consists of the following five parts of work.Firstly,we had a brief review on the history Experimental Studies on Micro-resonator with Whispering-gallery Modes Coupled by Tapered Fiber Experimental Studies on Micro-resonator with Whispering-gallery Modes Coupled by Tapered Fiber of microsphere/microcylinder resonance in theoretical and experimental studies.Then we introduced simply the applications of the microcavity.Secondly,according to the Mie’s scattering theory,the optical field in a microsphere has been obtained.The characteristics of the microspherical resonance and the biconical tapered fiber have been analyzed separately.The theory of microsphere has been approximately applied to the study of microcylinder.Then the field solution of biconical tapered fiber has been obtained.Next,the coupling system between microsphere and tapered fiber has been analyzed theoretically.The transmission ratio of the coupling system and its dependence on the gap between microsphere and biconical tapered fiber have been discussed.The coupling system consists of critical coupling,excess coupling and deficient coupling.And next,the CO2 laser system of drawing the biconical tapered fiber has been designed,and the biconical tapered fiber that we need has been made.Then we improved the system to fabricate silica microsphere/microcylinder.Using the Er3+-doped phosphate bulk glass,the Er3+-doped phosphate glass microsphere is fabricated by this CO2 laser system.At last,the coupling system has been set up.The laser light is http://www.chinamagnets.biz coupled into the silica microsphere by a biconical tapered fiber.The discrete structural resonance in the absorption spectra was observed,and then the splitting effects of the modes were analyzed.Then the coupling experiment of Er3+-doped phosphate glass microsphere with biconical tapered fiber has been studied in detail.The measured wavelengths,the interval between the adjacent modes and the feedback have been compared with the theoretical computation,and they are fair coincident with each other.Lastly,the coupling of microcylinder and biconical tapered fiber has been studied briefly.The research of this dissertation is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.number 60277026.

Reserach and Implementation on Software System of the Multi-function Ultrasonic Tester for Nondestructive Test of Concrete

　　Reserach and Implementation on Software System of the Multi-function Ultrasonic Tester for Nondestructive Test of Concrete
　　The research in this paper is completed on the support of national communications construction scientific project in western region: The Research of Rare Earth Transducer and Related Bridge Nondestructive Testing Technologies (No. 200431881222). In order to not only improve running speed, reliability, facility of the testing device, but also identify and treat the ultrasonic data automatically, make the tester widely and efficient applied in various concrete structures, a Ball Neodymium Magnets software system of the new multi-function ultrasonic tester for nondestructive test of concrete is designed.The architecture and module function of the system are designed based on the requirement analysis of the software, which is according to the hardware structure, resting environment and user profile. The software system of the new multi-function ultrasonic tester for nondestructive test of concrete are consists of two parts. The first part is measurement and control software of the ultrasonic tester for nondestructive test of concrete. The second part is data analysis and evaluates software.By using DLL technology, the agility of Windows programming and ability to control hardware at the bottom of computer can be increased, and even the renovating software could be made much http://www.chinamagnets.biz easier. Moreover, the running speed and sampling precision of the system were highly improved by using DMA real-time data acquisition technology based on multi thread technique. De-noising the ultrasonic signal and identify the first arrival time of the signal by wavelet analysis theory obtains ideal result. Friendly man-machine interface and Measures of fault tolerance were designed to reduce the harmful effects made by human error.Practical application shows that the software system has many virtues, such as high sample frequency, good real-time, big capacity of data storage and accurate calculation and so on.

Study on (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 of Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics

　　Study on (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 of Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics
　　By the means of SEM,XRD and TG-DSC methods, with the help of the orthogonal design experiment, the experiments doped with BaCO3, La2O3, NaNbO3 and MnCO3, the influence of various components on the piezoelectric properties and the influencing mechanism of various components have been investigated.The behavior of the BNT based on piezoelectric ceramics with low Ec and high Pr reaches the level as follows: the piezoelectric constant is 166×10-12C/N, the dielectricconstant is 1509,the dielectric loss is 3.7%, the sintering temperature is 1140℃.It neodymium magnets seems that Ba ions substitute for the A-site of the perovskite structure. The crystal distortion turns up as the differences of ions diameters. That reduces the difficult of poling, improving the piezoelectric and dielectric properties.According to the SEM photograph, the average grain size and Tc temperature becomes smaller with increasing the amount of BaCO3.Under the condition of the same quantivalency, the doped ion sunstitutes for the similar ion. So La ions take the place of Bi-site, resulting in the confusion of A-site and the apparent properties of relaxation ferroelectrics.
　　The crystal structure of BNT is rhombohedral. The rhombohedral and homocline morphotropic phase boundary doesn’t turn up as the little amount of NaNbO3 The interplanar distance enlarges with increasing the amount of NaNbO3. As a donor dopant, Nb5+ promotes the grain growth and the formation of A vacancy, so the domain wall turns easily, improving the piezoelectric properties. When the amount of NaNbO3 excesses, the excessive Nb2O5 segregates near the boundary, inhibiting the grain growth and the movement of intergranular, forming close grain, improving the properties. With increasing the amount of NaNbO3, the sintering temperature appearing the grain adhesion reduces.The additive effects of Mn ions are similar to the rare earth oxide. It is supposed that http://www.chinamagnets.biz Mn ions exist in the grain and substitute for A-site or B-site. The average grain size increases and the Tc temperature becomes lower with increasing the amount of MnCO3. In the samples prepared by conventional technique, it seems that Mn ions eject Bi ions to the air as results from SEM, expecially on the outside surface.The (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 powders are prepared by Sol-Gel method. The effects of NaNbO3, MnCO3 on the properties have been studied. The behavior of the BNT based piezoelectric ceramics reach the level as follows: the piezoelectric constant is 136×1012C/N, the dielectric constant is 1149,the dielectric loss is 2.6%, the sintering temperature is 1140℃.

Astudy of Geological Characteristics and Ore-formation Type of Pb-Zn Deposit in the Central Part of Xunbei Basin

　　Astudy of Geological Characteristics and Ore-formation Type of Pb-Zn Deposit in the Central Part of Xunbei Basin
　　The central part of Xunbei basin is one of the important ore belts in Shaanxi province with superior metallogenic condition. In recent years, geologist have gradually found and accessed some lead-zinc deposits such as siren ditch, guanzi ditch, nansha ditch and yellow stone, ect. Topology of stay in Xunbei basin has becomes a prosperity ore concentration area. So it is necessary to increase the knowledge of metallogenic condition and law in lead-zinc ore, which is in the stratum of the topology of stay in Xunbei basin, and investigate the character and metallogenic condition in the main lead-zinc deposit.Through a comprehensive collection of information available in the Block Neodymium magnets North Basin, they worked with a systematic analysis and a geological study in the study area, then analyzed the features of the lead-zinc deposits in the central part of Northern Basin. Analysis its ore-control condition based on the features of lead-zinc deposit, and then discusses the reason of it in their study area.From the results, these lead-zinc deposits are mainly come from the the Silurian in Meiziya group, shuanghezhen Group and the water tunnel. The simple shape is stratified and stratoid beds with simple structure ores, monotone mineral composition, and rock alteration weak with asymmetric.The rock between the up and down deposits displays the property of continuous sediment http://www.999magnet.com and characteristics of sequences. There is a close relationship between formation of deposit and hot water sedimentary rocks, which mainly consist of albitite and cherts oriented. According to the study of mineral inclusions, the deposit for the main mineralization temperature is 225-275℃, which belongs to the low-temperature conditions. The mainly chemical composition of ore-forming fluids is K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42-,Cl-,F-, and Na+> K+> Ca2+> Mg2+, reflecting the deposit is generated by thermal deposition or underground brine causes. REE and isotope studies show that mineralization metal elements are mainly from the underlying sediment column, and mineralization fluid is from the sea.Based on the results, we consider that the deposit in the study area is produced by the hot water sedimentary from the pieces of rocks. Hot water sediment mineralization is the main reason of lead-zinc deposit underneath the Xunbei Basin Paleozoic.

The Ore-controlling Geological Conditions of V Ore Deposit in the Xianghe Area of Shangnan County

　　The Ore-controlling Geological Conditions of V Ore Deposit in the Xianghe Area of Shangnan County
　　In recent years, with the strong growth of the national economy and the advancement of technology, vanadium and its compounds are widely used in iron and steel, chemical engineering, superconductors, special alloys and technology production.The market demand of vanadium grows year after year. As the international iron ore price increases, the alloy steel output in China will substantially increase the proportion ,and the demand for vanadium resources will continue to expand.Vanadium mineral resources has increasingly aroused people’s attention, with very good development prospects. Therefore, it is especially essential to research the geological condition, genetic type and ore-control factors of vanadium deposits, in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian Segment neodymium magnets system.Through the geology survey in the open air, the sampling, the lead-zinc deposit geological data collection, reorganization, as well as to study trace elements, rare earth elements of the sample, the paper has initially discussed the vanadium deposit geological feature, the ore deposit geochemistry characteristic, as well as the ore-control factor, and has yielded below the main results and conclusions:1、The vanadium deposit in the black rocks at the bottom of Cambrian system, is controled by the formation, lithology, organic matter, the ancient structure and ancient geography.The mineralization has organic matter (biochemistry) participation. Carbonaceous shale is a sedimentary rock with biological activities, cherts is a typical hot water sedimentary rocks. V, Ti, Ba, Si and other elements came from the submarine hydrothermal activity.Deposits with double feature of microbial mineralization and deposition of hot water in the seabed, belong to biogeochemical sedimentary deposit areas.
　　2、The vanadium deposit in Xiang River region is located the south of Qinling Hercynian - the eastern section of Indo-Chinese fold belt in the Qinling fold system, south of Danjiang fracture, Wudang dome (block) north margin, the two wings of Lengshuihe - Bai Lang town syncline. Ore-bearing rocks for cherts + clastic rocks with a small amount of carbonate rocks in the construction of the black rocks , react that the ore-bearing rocks format at the sedimentary environment with the lack of land-based sources of rough debris , non-compensatory-rich microbial, delay flow http://www.999magnet.com characteristics.3、The main rock types of deposits in the black rocks of the main ore-bearing construction are carbonaceous shale and silica rock. mineral composition are mainly quartz, feldspar, clay (illite or sericite) and pyrite, barite, and so on.The rocks are rich in organic carbon. In the compage, the two types of rock show bands or inter-layered, and phosphorus nodule often appear.But vanadium host in mudstone. The vanadium grade in the phosphorus nodule is also low. This indicates that the deposit may contain two different sedimentary environment and often turn.4、REE study shows that the REE chondrite standardized model of the construction of the ore-bearing siliceous rocks shows only limited Ce is negative anomaly and the Eu is obviously negative anomaly, and ore-bearing shale in the construction of REE chondrite standardized model shows a middle Ce negative anomaly , a very obvious Eu anomaly, and the right dip graph, that shows rock format in the most high-temperature deoxidization environment. The REE chondrite standardized model of the ore-bearing host rock show a middle Ce negative anomaly , obviously Eu positive anomaly and the right dip graphics, which are similar to some hot water sediments model. All the three samples in the ore-bearing construction react the feature of submarine hydrothermal fluids.

The Study of Granitoids in Kalamaili Area of Easten Junggar, Xinjiang

　　The Study of Granitoids in Kalamaili Area of Easten Junggar, Xinjiang
　　The Kalamaili area is located to north of the Xinjiang, united position of the Xiboliya plate and the Junggar plate, that is a important part in frame of the mid-asia tectonics. That experienced two tectonics cycle in Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic, many times close-open, each close-open process formatted trench-arc-basin system. In this tectonics setting, more lager area intrusive rock in late Carboniferous to early Permian distributed in Kalamaili area, formatted the granite belt. This paper basid on predecessor research, the author merger granite bodies and take part sequence, difference of analysis and discuss in merger principle, evience and mostly characters, isotope ages formative tectonic setting and magma evolvement of magma sequence. Gained achievement as follows:1. Basid on materials of the predecessor and the 1∶50000 investigate achievement, the paper Neodymium Magnets take part sequence about granite in Kalamaili area: Huangyangshan sequence, Beilekuduke sequence, Kubusunan sequence and Xikuangbei sequence.2. Predecessor refered Sabei granite bodies and Sujiquan granite bodies not the independent bodies, but the only part of the Huangyangshan sequence. new sequence include medium granularity biotite alkali-feldspar granite(Sujiquan granite bodies);medium granularity amphibole alkali-feldspar granite;medium granularity arfvedsonite alkali-feldspar granite;medium-fine granularity arfvedsonite alkali-feldspar granite(Sabei granite bodies);fine granularity biotite alkali-feldspar granite and fine granularity mixing granite(containing graphite).3. High-precision LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating used in the four sequence in the research area. .
　　In Huangyangshan sequence, host rock medium granularity arfvedsonite alkali-feldspar granite and enclaves LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age is 311±12Ma,306±7Ma, medium-fine granularity arfvedsonite alkali-feldspar granite is 313±2Ma, medium granularity biotite alkali-feldspar granite is 304±2Ma, medium granularity amphibole alkali-feldspar granite is 300Ma～305Ma, the ages are very consistent within errors, belongs to Late Carboniferous; Beilekuduke sequence the age is 283±9Ma; Kubusunan sequence and enclaves age is 287±2Ma and 286±3Ma; Xikuangbei sequence age is 277±11Ma. We can see the Huangyangshan sequence formatted earlier, Beilekuduke and Kubusunan sequence next, the last is Xikuangbei sequence, as a whole, the time between late Carboniferous to early Permian, belongs to magma activity scope(330～ 265Ma). High-precision LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating age,not only acquisition the reliable material, but also enrich the age of granite in the area, most important is taking stronge evdent for rebuilding tectonic framework and recovering magma evolution in east Junggar.4. Petrology and the rock geochemistry reseach indicated, the four sequence have characteristics of high silicon, rich alkali, low aluminum, high differentiation. In SiO2-AR, Huangyangshan sequence, Beilekuduke sequence and Xikuangbei sequence all demonstrated alkali-granite series, on A/NK-A/CNK that have sub-aluminum feature, and high FeOt/MgO, 10000×Ga/Al and Zr+Nb+Ce+Y, belongs to sub-aluminum A type granite and alkali-granite. But Kubusunan sequence belongs to sub-aluminum calcium-alkali granite.5. Trace and rare earth element(REE) research indicated, Kalamaili http://www.999magnet.com granite(the four sequence) have rich Rb, K, Th et al large ion lithophile elements(LILE) and Zr, Hf et al high filed-strength element(sHFSE), deplete Ba, Sr, Nb, Eu et al, have weak Nb-Ta trough, more strength Eu deplete, chondrite-normalized REE pattern is right-incline“sea-gull”type, curved shape is similar.6. In tectonics environment diagram of granite concluded, Huangyangshan sequence, Beilekuduke sequence and Xikuangbei sequence formatted in extension of post-collision setting, but the Kubusunan sequence have volcanic-arc granite marking, that maybe come from magma mixing, not belongs to volcanic-arc granite.7. The granite record the process continental equilibrium adjust of“soft-collision”in Kalamaili area, so it have volcanic-arc and post-collision granite features, that take stronge evdent for rebuilding tectonic framework and recovering magma evolution , and have the implications for finding tin deposit of the Kalamaili area in East Junggar8. Basid on synthesized research, to propose the granite mixing formation mode in Kalamaili granite. Preliminary consider it is come from crust-mantle mixing, many enclaves in Huangyangshan sequence and Kubusunan sequence is the recorder of the magma mixing, host rock and enclaves have the same zircon U-Pb ages, and high positiveεNd(t), low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, that most powerful proof of magma mixing.

Study on Spatial and Temporal Process of Soil Erosion on Brown Earth Sloping Land during Natural Rainfall

　　Study on Spatial and Temporal Process of Soil Erosion on Brown Earth Sloping Land during Natural Rainfall
　　Soil erosion evolution process and mechanism on the Slope is the focus on soil erosion research. which has a direct impact on the establishment and development of soil erosion prediction model. Under thel wild conditions, each rainfall erosion was on the basis of the last erosion, Erosion datum also was different. Studying on natural rainfall conditions for the rapid erosion evolution had a more realistic significance. This study was under the conditions of natural rainfall in the field, three different elevation runoff plots planted for a variety of REE for different layers. Then observed the process of sediment and runoff , studyed the erosion sediment source of slope and the evolution Process of erosion ways. The changing process of flow sediment load and soil erosion ratio was studied with time on the Ball Neodymium Magnets slope. According to the heavy rain erosion data of the trial at the same time, we studyed the slope erosion patterns and rill erosion of the temporal and spatial evolution in the process of rainstorm from the quantity. And Spots on the filter paper of natural rainfall raindrop was collected and measured, to analyze the characteristics of raindrops days of rainfall. the following main conclusions were made.(1) The raindrops characteristics of natural rainfallLow-intensity rainfall mainly composed of small raindrops, High-intensity rainfall mainly composed of larger raindrops. In the process of rainfall runoff yield and sediment Yield, The diameter of a few raindrops (D50) Usually are greater than 3 mm, The distribution of raindrops comply to Best ModelF =1-exp[-(d/6.18i0.29)n],n=3.055i-0.092."D50" has the power function with rainfall intensity,complying to the following equality: D50 = 6.11i0.31, Rainfall kinetic energy also has the power functionwith rainfall intensity, and power relation as e = 50.73i0.23 was existed.(2) The rules of the runoff yield and the sediment yield on the slope under different rainfall patternIn the short-duration rain runoff process, a runoff show at the beginning of the rain, Production flow rate in the short duration of the slowdown, then reach the maximum.
　　With the rainfall and the soil infiltration rate of slope. Slope sediment yield is under the impact of rainfall intensity, the change rules are similar to the runoff dynamic changes. Duringf the ordinary rain, Runoff and sediment yield rate are relatively small in the process of rainfall. In a Rainstorm , the process of rapid runoff has close relation with rainfall intensity. production flow rate shows the same trend with rainfall intensity. the rate of runoff, sediment yield rate and rainfall intensity in the peak is consistent on time.(4) The slope taking impact on the rill developmentThe slope take great impact on the rill development, the increase in the gradient, Rill develop more early, at the end of http://www.chinamagnets.biz rainfall on August 8th, the lower slope of 5°rill erosion develop to the Tb and Yb tracers, they are at the initial stage of development; the lower slope of 10°and 15°rill erosion develop to the Tb and Pr tracers, they are at the development stage and stable stage.(5) In Rainstorm process the changes of slope erosion and the relative changes of slope erosion in the spaceIn the process of storm runoff and sediment ,the rapid erosion is relatively larger, with the emergence of the peak storm, the erosion rate have also appeared high peaks in tracing areas, the tracer contribution rate of the erosion process in a heavy rainstorm was relatively stable; Rill fully in the development of 15°slope of the A, B, and C, and D, the relative erosion volume: 82.5%, 6.9%, 3.3% and 7.3%, respectively, the ratio of erosion : 1:0.08:0.04:0.09.(6) Revealing the presses of flow sediment load and soil erosion ratio and their relationshipDuring the rainfall, the sediment concentration of each wild plot decreased from the upper to thebottom.The soil erosion ratio peak of each section of the slope and the instaneous rainfall intensity were corresponding with time; The soil erision ratio and the flow sediment load complied to the following equality: Dr =aSwb; During the whole continuous rains, power relation as Dr =aSwb was listed between erosion ratio and flow sediment load.

Investigation on Preparation and Properties of Sm-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductor

　　Investigation on Preparation and Properties of Sm-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductor
　　REBa2Cu3O7-δ(RE123)bulk superconductors have significant potential in engineering applications,such as maglev,magnetic bearings,permanent magnets, fly wheel energy storage systems and superconducting motors,since they have high critical temperature(Tc),high critical current density(Jc)and strong trapped magnetic fields.As the anisotropy of the crystal structure of Y-system high-temperature superconductor,to make the current density reach the level of utility,the first point is to grow preference-oriented crystal.Single domain superconducting bulk can be produced by top seeded melting texture growth method(TSMTG).The bulk materials grow along with the seed crystal orientation and form the c-axis oriented single domain bulks.The Tc of Y123 was arrived at 90 K which provided a wider foreground for the utility of high temperature superconductors.The Sm 123,obtained by substituting Y by the rare earth Sm in Y123,is potentially attractive,because the Sm123 have not only neodymium magnets a higher Tc than Y123 but also a higher critical current density(Jc)in high magnetic fields.In this thesis,we prepared Sm-Ba-Cu-O superconducting bulk by the isothermal growth progress based on TSMTG,and researched bulks superconducting properties and organization structure.In chapter one,we introduce the potential applications of the bulk superconductors and summarize the preparing methods for the bulk superconductors.We made the research objects and contents for the thesis.In chapter two,the precursor powders were prepared by quick decomposed gel method.The powder purity,size and carbon content were the three very important parameters for the preparation of the Sm123 powders.
　　The experiment results show that the optimal sintering temperature is about 850℃and dwelling for 10 hours.The particle size of Sm211 phase effect on the quality of Sm-Ba-Cu-O superconductors,so a proper sintering temperature and ball milling process have to be carried out.The optimal temperature is about 950℃to obtain fine and purity Sm211 phase.In chapter three,we obtained the Sm-Ba-Cu-O domain bulk superconductors by the isothermal growth progress.For the study of parameters of Sm-Ba-Cu-O bulk,we found that the exhausting air time,the melting temperature,the melting time,the temperature of begin to grow,the growing time,the annealing temperature and time in flowing pure oxygen are very important to the preparation for the single domain Sm-Ba-Cu-O superconducting bulks.For the Sm-Ba-Cu-O bulks,the pre-sintering temperature must be heated to 950℃and held for 40 hours to improve the density and intensity.TheΦ18mm bulk sample melt at 1065℃for 1 http://www.chinamagnets.biz hour not only could produce enough liquid but also could obtain better morphology for the bulk.The isothermal growth technology enables the bulk to have a great growth rate.We found that the proper growth temperature of Sm-Ba-Cu-O single domain bulk was between 1045℃and 1048℃.in order to get good superconducting properties,the melted bulk samples must be annealing in flowing pure oxygen.The best treatment forΦ15mm bulk sample is to anneal at 320℃for 100 hours.In chapter four,Sm-Ba-Cu-O bulks were prepared by isothermal growth progress,which have good macroscopic single domain morphology and microscopic organization structure and have high superconducting properties.In chapter five,Sm-Ba-Cu-O single domain bulks with different Sm amont were prepared and the characterized magnetization,XRD,and SEM analyses.It is found that the using of nanopowder precursors avoids the formation of large Sm211 particles,thus decreases the size of pinning centers.However,a relatively small amount of Sm211 shows a drastic suppression on superconductivity of Sm-Ba-Cu-O melt-textured-bulks due to the enhanced partial replacement of Ba with Sm in SmBa2Cu3O7,which degrades the superconducting properties of Sm-Ba-Cu-O single domain bulks.

Study on Photodegradable Property of Low-density Polyethylene

　　Study on Photodegradable Property of Low-density Polyethylene
　　Plastics with photosensitizer show photodegradable property by adding different kinds of photosensitizers, which can be decomposed under the ultraviolet radiation when being discarded. They are a kind of energy-saving and environmental protection plastics which are mostly applied to agriculture films and packaging materials. Polyethylene (PE) is one of the important plastics used in these area, which, however, with poor photodegradability. So the study on the photodegradable PE becomes a hot topic these years.Based on the others’ study, the photodegradable Neodymium Magnets property of the low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) with different photosensitizer systems was studied in this paper. FeSt3, CeSt4, ReSt3 and their mixed systems of various components were added to LDPE. LDPE and photosensitizers were mixed well by the torque rheometer, and then the mixture was pressed to film samples with thickness of about 0.15mm by. the compression molding machine. The film samples were weathered by the ultraviolet in the home-maded irradiation box.
　　The photodegradable behavior of different photosensitizer systems were studied and the efficient photosensitizer systems were founded out by measuring the mechanical property, the carbonyl index, molecular weight, crystallinity and the surface appearance of the LDPE samples. The method of preparing controllable photodegradable plastics was brought out by analysing the influence factors of the photodegradation of LDPE.The experimental results showed that the photosensitized efficiency of FeSt3 was the best of the single photosensitizer systems. LDPE containing this photosensitizer turned into ageing period after being irradiated 24h and went on to frangibility period after being irradiated 130h. The photosensitized efficiency of FeSt3 and CeSt4 http://www.999magnet.com mixed system was the best of the two-component systems. LDPE containing this photosensitizer system(0.2%FeSt3 and 0.2%CeSt4) turned into ageing period after being irradiated 16h and went on to frangibility period after being irradiated 78h. 0.1%FeSt3+0.1%CeSt4+0.1%ReSt3 possessed the best photosensitized efficiency of the three-component system. LDPE containing this photosensitizer system turned into ageing period after being irradiated 20h and went on to frangibility period after being irradiated 168h. And ReSt3 could accelerate the photodegradation with FeSt3 and CeSt4 when the content was low. But it could restrain the photodegradation as a light stabilizer when the content was above 0.3%. With the lasting illumination, the mechanical property and the molecular weight of LDPE decreased, the carbonyl index and the crystallinity increased, and the surface of the sample appeared flaw and holes. In addition, the photodegradation process of the LDPE could be influenced by the circumstance temperature, the sample thickness, the level of the antioxidant and the content of CaCO3. The controllable photodegradable plastics could be prepared by controlling these factors.

Paleogeographic Background and Sedimentary Facies Study on the Lower of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongpu Sag

　　Paleogeographic Background and Sedimentary Facies Study on the Lower of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongpu Sag
　　Dongpu sag is a typical salt lacustrine sub-basin with prolific oil and gas in Bohaiwan basin in east China. For a long time, main type of subtle reservoir, especially the lithologic, distribution law and exploration method are not recognized clearly. Therefore, investigating the sedimentary facies, the spreading characteristic of facies zone and the relations of them to the oil layer disposition, the sandstone body type and the space-time distribution rule are very important to the oil field of Dongpu sag for further exploration and the development.According to observing and describing core of 22 wells in the region, 9 kinds of original structure, 4 kinds of deformational structure, Block neodymium magnet pyrite and fish fossil are identified, and 4 major kinds (gravel stone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone) lithofacies are divided.
　　On the base of core observation, combining well logging and logging, 9 sorts of log facies and the association are divided.Based on the principle of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, as well taken into account synthetically base level cycle and volumetric partitioning and facies differentiation controlled by tectonics movement and sediment supply and sea-level change and climate, high resolution sequence stratigraphy division was applied in the lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation. The lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation can be divided into 1 long-term cycle and 2 mid-term cycles.On the basis of lots of forerunners’ data and research in this thesis, combining drilling data with observation and analysis of well core, The lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation can be divided into four kind of sedimentary systems such as braided delta, fan delta, delta and lake by using sedimentary facies signs which is rock feature, sedimentary structure, well log and section texture, each of the sedimentary systems and subfacies are described and generalized in http://www.chinamagnets.biz detail. At last, I concluded that the lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation mainly developed shallow lake and delta sedimentary systems of Dongpu sag. On the basis of the analysis above, I deduce one sedimentary models of the Dongpu sag in the lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in Paleogene.On basis of structure-sedimentation evolution and distribution of sedimentary facies in Dongpu sag, combined with the characteristics of heavy minerals combination, characteristics of rare earth element and trace element, the planimetric distribution of sandstone and lith-facies, the lower of the third member of the Shahejie Formation’s palaeogeographical pattern are analysed, and four resource areas are divided, which located at the Western, East, North and Southeast of the basin.According to the forerunners’ data, combining the investigation of sedmentary system and the source of the sandstone bodies, lithofacies-paleogeography map working out. In the end, I expound the plane-topology rule of sedimentary facies in the different period and the planimetric distribution of the good reservoir sandstone, and point out the favorable accumulation area belt.

The Study on Geological Features and Genesis of Iron Deposit in Wangjiazhuang Region Yuanping City Shanxi Province

　　The Study on Geological Features and Genesis of Iron Deposit in Wangjiazhuang Region Yuanping City Shanxi Province
　　The Precambrian banded iron formation (BIF) is one of the most important iron ore deposit type in our Country, whose reserves, orefield and output all hold the first place. ShanXi province WuTai area has a lot of BIF, and is one of the most important orefield of iron ore. Exploiting and studying the iron deposit in this area have lasted for several tens of years, however, these Ball Neodymium Magnets exploiting and studying are more emphasize on high grade deposit and researching low-grade iron deposit is vacant. Along with iron ore resource is more and more strained in recent year, prospecting the low grade, big, easy to exploit iron mineral deposit have already being become a hotspot.
　　Thus strengthening the region’s iron ore deposit research is particularly important.Precambrian strata are widely distributed in Wutai area and have a lot of ferreous layers. All ferrosilicon formations are occurrence in WuTai group, Juya group tholeiite series lave formation and detrital sedimentary formation, which called Jingangku ferreous formation, Bozhiyan ferreous formation and Wenxi ferreous formation on stratum.Through the careful geological investigation, the author find out that Wangjiazhuang iron deposit is hosted in upside of Jingangku Formation, the shape of the orebody is instability, and obviously experienced reformations and destruction by later tectonic movement. Orebody is in conformable contact with the wall rock. Orebody and wall rock had a clear margin.The http://www.chinamagnets.biz major ferreous mineral in ore is magnetite and major gangue mineral is quartz. Ore has obvious banded structure, but the band isn’t zone, and developed rumpled structures. Under microscopy, magnetite band has a thickening trend in the turn end of fold, which consistent with the distribution form of orebody.Major element and REE character indicate that ocean environment is original depositional environment, and initial rock is basic to mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks. Ferreous layers are formed during the volcanic dormant period. After the original ferreous layers formed, metamorphism played the most important role in the formation of ore Deposit. Study on metallogenetic mechanism suggested that the deposit is controlled by stratum, structure, metamorphism, and geophysical prospecting condition. If one area has four condition hereinbefore, it will become the key locality of our prospecting.

Study on Ceramic-Superalloy Interface Reactions during the Directional Solidification Processing

　　Study on Ceramic-Superalloy Interface Reactions during the Directional Solidification Processing
　　The ceramic/superalloy interface, including metal/core and metal/mold, during the directional solidification was investigated. The research provides the foundation for the optimization of ceramic core and mold material.In this thesis, two new chemical compositions alloys were obtained based DD6 alloy, which are 3% Ru and 1% Y contained respectively.Conventional neodymium magnets Unisolidification process was implemented during the experiments. The behaviors of interfaces were research between the Re, Ru and Y containing alloys and SiO2, Al2O3-based ceramic core and Al2O3-based ceramic mold.The experimental results indicated that DD6 alloy and 3% Ru-containing alloy react with SiO2 core at the interface and form Al2O3 and HfO2 during directional solidification, whereas the two alloys and Al2O3-based core at the interface are stable. 1% Y additions to DD6 alloy result in reacting at the metal/SiO2 ceramic core interface. Corrosion can be found on the surface of the core. Y and Al elements osmoses and distribute into the entire SiO2 ceramic core. Herringbone-like TCP phases enriched Si were observed, majority of which precipitate in interdendritic regions http://www.chinamagnets.biz and the rest in the dendrite trunk.With the addition of 1% Y to DD6 alloy, there are no significant reacts at the interface between the liquid metal/Al2O3-based core/811A ceramic mold each other, which indicate that three parts are stable during directional column and single crystal blade casting process. Whereas metallurgical chemistry reactions have been found at the interface between the liquid metal/SiO2-based core/811A ceramic mold each other. It was deduced that Al plays an important role in the Si-Y-Al ternary system, which promotes the strongly reaction between Si and Y elements, forming new phase of Si-Y-Al. This low melting point phase deteriorates the service performance of core and mold.

Beeds and Cuitivation Fechnigus of Zanhoxyium Bungeamm Varieties

　　Beeds and Cuitivation Fechnigus of Zanhoxyium Bungeamm Varieties
　　Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim is an important ecologically and economic tree species, and both its area and yield is among the tops in China. In order to have Z.bungeanum being play a more important role in economic and ecological aspects in Shaanxi, 3 good varieties of Z.bungeanum were selected after more than ten years’s research, and it solved some technical difficulties in its seedling production, orchard establishment, tending and management, etc.1. Through production survey, selection of superior variety, regional test, progeny test and quality test, 3 superior varieties of Shizitou,Nanqiang 1 and Thornless Z. bungeanum, in the Dahongpao Variety population, and their quality reach or exceed the super-quality of Z. bungeanum of national forestry standard. Their yields during the high production period increase by 27.5%, 25.0% and 12.5% over Dahongpao. These varieties passed the appraisal by the Shaanxi Provincial forestry Superior Seed Appraisal Committee in 2005.2. The study shows that the reasons that Z. bungeanum seed does not germinate are due to two factors: 1) after Ball Neodymium Magnets insolation of seed, it losses vitality; and 2) Seed which is sown in spring is not treated with degreasing. The storage of seed with stacked moist sand can be simply and easily operated with low cost, and the seed vitality can be well protected. Seeds can be degreased by washing them in quicklime solution or detergent, which is simple and has good result. It should maintain about 20000 Z. bungeanum seedlings per mu.3. The test results showed that Z. bungeanum seedlings had high survival rate if site is prepared during the rainy season and planted in the next spring. It followed by both site preparation and planting was done in spring simultaneously. Planting after 2-3 days’site preparation in spring had the worst survival rate. Under same conditions of slope gradient (20-25o), soil physical and chemical properties, and soil fertility, planted Z. bungeanum seedlings in fish-scale pit had the highest survival rate, and there was no big difference between back-slope terracing and level terracing. Whole-area site preparation had the lowest survival rate. As to the yield of 6-year-old seedling, level terrace and back-slope terrace had the highest yield, which was followed by fish-scale pit. Whole-area site preparation had the lowest yield. The survival rate of planting Z. bungeanum seedlings decreases with increasing educated height of stem. The longer exposure of seedling root to air is, the lower the survival rate after planting is. Among the treatments, seedlings, which were treated with GGR6 plus plastic film or dipping seedlings in mud plus plastic film, had highest survival rate after planting, and low costs.4.
　　The results showed that for single row planting of Dahongpao, 2.5-3.0m distance between each tree is appropriate, and for Z. bungeanum orchard, 56-63 trees per mu are appropriate.5. The results showed that for 8-year-sold Z. bungeanum tree, the amount of base fertilizer applied to each tree should be 60-70kg farm manure, 1– 1.5kg tri-element composite fertilizer and 1 - 1.5kg rare-earth, trace element. The most economic amount of annual top-application per tree is 0.5-1.0 kg urea, 1.0-2.0kg lime superphosphate and 5-7kg plant ash. They are applied in two times. First application is done during the period when Z. bungeanum tree forms flower bud, and nitrogen fertilizer as main fertilizer with integration of P fertilizer should be applied. The second application is done http://www.chinamagnets.biz one and half month prior to the maturity period of Z. bungeanum, and N and P fertilizer as main fertilizer with integration of a small amount of K fertilizer. Foliage spraying can increase yield by 24.7%, and it can serve as a supplementary fertilizer for Z. bungeanum tree.6. Multi-mainbranch fasciculate shape and natrual shape can quickly form tree shape and their training techniques can be easily learnt. They are both wind-resistant and insect-resistant, and can be widely applied. Pruning branch can improve illumination condition, reduce insect pest and disease damage, and control nutrition growth. The average increase of yield during full-fruit period is 15.5%.7. The results showed that Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou has one generation every two years in Hancheng of Shaanxi Province. They are alloiobiogenesis and its different form is alternating. It mainly damages the area of tree trunk below 50 cm in height. Its integrated pest control includes removing insect-damaged tree, scraping mucus scar and pasting chemical, hammering mucus part to kill larva underneath bark, and spraying chemical to kill adult insect as well as strengthening management of both trees and soil to improve tree’s insect-resistance and it can control its damage under allowable situation.

Study of Preparation and Properties of P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass-ceramic Diffusion Source of Phosphorus

　　Study of Preparation and Properties of P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass-ceramic Diffusion Source of Phosphorus
　　In this thesis, the research object is P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramics. According to requires of the product、references and apparatus we had, s set of compositions are designed. Without the change of the basic ingredient, the influence of the content of Al2O3 on the fusion property and the influence of the content of nucleus agent、La2O3 and heat treatment on Ball Neodymium Magnets crystallization、structure、performance of the glass-ceramics was studied. The heat treatment and the composition of the glass were optimized.In the experiment, the structure and appearance of the glass-ceramics were studied by means of DTA、XRD、SEM and so on.
　　The performances are studied by means of heat expansion testing and the weight lost experiment of the glass-ceramics in the high temperature furnace.The result indicates that there is a value of the content of Al2O3 between 24% and 26%, the glass is hard to melt completely in the 1560℃when the content of Al2O3 is beyond this value. And there is a value of the content of Al2O3 between 22% and 24%, the glass is hard to crystallize in the 1560℃when the content of Al2O3 is little than this value. So, the optimal content of Al2O3 should be between 22% and 24%.Without the change of other ingredient, the trend of crystallization of the glass and the release of P2O5 of the glass-ceramics increase with the increase of the content of La2O3, and the heat expansion of the glass-ceramics decrease. But the velocity of this trend will be slow when the content of La2O3 is to some extent. And if the content of La2O3 is too high, it will be affect the fusion of the glass.Without the change of other ingredient, the trend of crystallization of the glass and the release of P2O5 of the glass-ceramics http://www.chinamagnets.biz increase with the increase of the content of nucleus agent ZrO2, and the heat expansion of the glass-ceramics decrease. Because of the fast velocity of the crystallization, the crystallization is hard to control when the content of ZrO2 is beyond 8%. The optimal content of ZrO2 should be between 5% and 8%.The optimal heat treatment that was obtained after using orthogonal method is nucleation in 780℃for 3h、crystallization in 980℃for 4h. The order of affection is crystallization temperature、crystallization time、nucleation temperature、nucleation time. But the heat expansion of the glass-ceramics is affected mainly by crystallization temperature and crystallization time. The influence on heat expansion by the nucleation temperature and nucleation time is limited in the certain range of temperature.

Physics Field Analysis of Electric Machine and Its Temperature Measurement

　　Physics Field Analysis of Electric Machine and Its Temperature Measurement
　　The study on rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous generator is one of the most interesting areas in electric machines,which are used to substitute induction machines in Ball Neodymium Magnets many situations. In this paper, analysis is given to a 1.2MW low speed permanent magnet synchronous generator with emphasis on its core loss computation.As is well known, efficiency is the most important performance index of electric machine where core loss should be precisely computed in its design process. In this paper, the core losses of above PM synchronous generator without load and with load are calculated by both the traditional methods and the improved one. By http://www.chinamagnets.biz comparison of these two results, pros and cons of the two methods are addressed. At the same time, one improved manufacture technique is studied, which is incising an angle in the PM magnet on the rotor’s surface. The core losses under this condition is calculated to get the conclusion that this improved method can effectively reduce the losses of PM machine, the result can be used for reference by machine designer.

Study of the Materias with Corrosion Resistance to Zinc Liqiud

　　Study of the Materias with Corrosion Resistance to Zinc Liqiud
　　Steel corrosion causes huge losses to the national economy. Hot-dip galvanizing as one of the most basic protection plays an important role in reducing such losses. In recent years, hot-dip galvanizing devices have been widely used in automobile manufacturing, construction, household appliances. However, due to corrosion in liquid zinc, apparatuses useed in the Hot-dip galvanizing line (such as Zinc pot, Submerged roll, Support roll and Bearing) are often failure in work, which hinder the further development of the hot-dip galvanizing seriously.The mechanism of liquid zinc corrosion of the steel material was investigated in the first part. On this basis, by comparing the available information in literature and phase diagrams, Fe-Al-B and Fe-Al-Si alloys were choosen as candidates for liquid zinc Neodymium Magnets corrosion-resistant materials.By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the microstructures and chemical compositions of alloy matrix and corrosion interface were investigated.
　　The corrosion rate was determined by the weight-loss measuring and the mechanical properties of the alloys with good corrosion resistance were also tested by means of micro-pressing mark.The experimental study of Fe-Al-B alloy shows that: when Al content is less than 18 wt.%, liquid zinc corrosion-resistant of Fe-Al-B alloy change with content of B. With the increase of Al content and reducing boron content, liquid zinc corrosion resistant deteriorates. When Al content is more than 18wt.%, Al content plays the key role. When Al content lies in the range of 18wt%～27wt.%, with the increase of Al content and reducing boron content, liquid zinc corrosion-resistant increases. When Al content is more than 27wt.%, with increase of Al content, liquid zinc corrosion-resistant declines http://www.999magnet.com instead. When Al content is more than 24wt.%, no Borides was found in the alloys. Meanwhile, the alloys, Fe-24Al-4.2B and Fe-27Al-2.8B, both with the excellent corrosion-resistance to zinc-liquid and good toughness, can be used widely in galvanizing industry. Alloy after annealing is superior to cast alloys in liquid zinc corrosion-resistant.Results of the experimental study of Fe-Al-Si shows that: when Al content is 7%-22%wt.%, Si content is 22%-41% wt.%; the microstructure is mainly composed of FeSi、(Al,Si)2Fe1、(Al.,Si)3Fe1、(Al,Si)5Fe1 and (Al,Si,Nd)2Fe1. They have no wetting to liquid zinc, but the alloys are very brittle. With increasing silicon content in the alloy, the brittleness increases. When a small amount of the rare-earth element is added to Fe-Al-Si alloy system, the microstructure of alloy is more compact and small, toughness is greatly improved and hardness is slightly higher. The developed alloy shows good corrosion-resistance in the liquid zinc, and this work provides a theoretical basis for the further development of zinc corrosion-resistant material with better toughness.