Study on Sintered Gas Sensors of Acetylene and Formaldehyde

　　Study on Sintered Gas Sensors of Acetylene and Formaldehyde
　　Technological progress brings us high life quality, on the contrast, italso brings us many problems, such as, bad gas leaks from the process ofmanufacture and environmental pollution, etc. All these potential dangerswill threaten human’s health and safety. Thinking about that, we carriedthrough a research about the acetylene gas sensor and formaldehyde gassensor, the front can give an alarm to the transformation instrument, the lattercan give a simple and rapid test Ring neodymium magnet to the room’s air quality.In the process of research, we utilize the method of chemicaldeposition to prepare the Sn(OH)4 crystal, then turn it into SnO2 by sintering.These basal materials are our experimental need. Gas sensor’s facture is verycomplex: first, we need get apropos materials including SnO2、SnCl4、SnO、Sn(OH)4、acid asbestos and noble metal, then we put all of these into an agatemortar to skive.
　　After two hours, we get a kind of plasm, we daub the plasmon the surface of the sensors right now, and then heat until they turn dry. Atlast, we put it into the furnace to sinter, keeping the temperature at about650℃, and when temperature of the furnace turns to the room temperature,we take them out, joint the heating resistance (about 25-30?), waiting test. For the part of research of the acetylene gas sensor, we selected ZrO2、La2O3、Sm2O3、Pr6O11 and La2(SO4)3 as doping, through all the facture steps(described above), we start to test their sensitivity, selectivity, stability,response and recovery characteristics. From test results, we know doping 6%Sm2O3 is the best one, its IH is 130mA, selectivity is also good (better thanH2 and CO), and it can test well the lower concentration of acetylene,response and recovery characteristics are good , about 20 seconds to 30seconds (graph 3.1-3.6).For this part of research of the formaldehyde gas sensor, first,according to the literature, we know it is possible to enhance the sensorsensitivity and selectivity by doping http://www.chinamagnets.biz some noble metal into Sn(OH)4,through research, we got a conclusion: the gas characteristics of Sn(OH)4doping some noble metal is better than SnO2 doping some noble metal, thebest sintering temperature is 650℃, keeping an hour. And then we selectedAgNO3、H2PtCl6、PdCl2、HAuCl4 and RhCl3 as doping, through all the facturesteps (described above), we start to test their sensitivity, selectivity, stability,response and recovery characteristics. From test results, we know dopingRhCl30.2% is the best one, its IH is 90mA, selectivity is good (better thanchloroform、ethanol and toluene), and it can test well the lower concentrationof formaldehyde: 5ppm, and sensitivity can reach above 3, response andrecovery characteristics are also good, about 50seconds to 60 seconds (graph4.1-4.17).We can’t do more deep job as the limited of time and experimentalcondition. The experiment should be improved in the future time. And the gascharacteristics may continue to improve in the future. In a word, we basicallysucceed in making the acetylene gas sensor and formaldehyde gas sensor. Wehope our research can pave the road for the deep research.

Study on Oxidation Catalytic Converter for Vehicle Diesel Engine

　　Study on Oxidation Catalytic Converter for Vehicle Diesel Engine
　　In order to meet the more strictly emission control regulationsafter-treatment device has been widely applied in automotive engines. Thediesel engine has gained more and more fractions in vehicle power trainsbecause of its inherent advantages such as high efficiency and economy andlow HC, CO, NOx emissions comparison with gasoline engines. But dieselengine is of high PM emissions. PM is much harmful to human being’s healthand has to be controlled. There are many measures to decrease the PMemissions, but adapting after-treatment system is most effectively and littlemodifications in prototype structure of diesel engine. Nowadays, severalkinds of after-treatment systems have been used include DOC、DPF etc. TheDOC can be used independently and coupled with other after-treatmentdevices to meet the stricter emissions regulations. Because the DOC is ofsimple Cylinder neodymium magnet structure and regenerating free and it’s is simple, it has become one ofthe most widely used after-treatment system.The mechanism of DOC decreasing NOx emissions was discussedthoroughly in this dissertation. Test results showed that the main fraction ofNOx decreasing by DOC is resulted by SOF oxidizing and the other smallfraction is contributed by DS oxidizing.
　　The main contains of this paper can bedescribed as following.1、The mechanism of catalytic converter is introduced. The process andchemical kinetics of the interaction between reactants and catalysts has beendescribed. The basic structure characteristics and specifications of catalyticconverter have been pointed out. The actions of catalysts in catalysis reactionhave been analyzed. The characteristics of catalysts such as platinum,rhodium lanthanide and substitute precious metal elements have beenintroduced. The main factors which affect the decontamination efficiency ofcatalytic converter have been investigated. The effects of sulfur fraction in fuelon the catalytic converter and the measures to prevent sulfur poison havebeen concluded.2、The meaning of the catalytic converter performance indexes such asdecontamination efficiency, air-fuel ratio, light-off characteristic and air speedhas been explained in detail. The normative test cycle which was composedof small catalytic converter specimen test, single catalytic converterperformance test etc. has been pointed out.3、The catalyst performance evaluating test bench was built up and thediffluence technology was adopted to prevent the back pressure of outletmanifold becoming too high in small cubage catalytic converters performancetesting, The flux through the catalytic converter was kept in proper range bycontrolling the back pressure of outlet manifold.4、Experimental catalyst samples validating and improving.1)5 kinds of 1.1L catalytic converters (labeled as DCC2-DCC6) and 6kinds of 1.6L catalytic converters (labeled as DCC-11—DCC-14、DCC-KGS、DCC-WF) were tested to found out the best one. Test results showed thatDCC-5、DCC-3 and DCC-6 were capable to meet the expected requirement(the decontamination efficiency is 53.9%、48.6% and 43.3% respectively) andhad the potential to be adopted to widely using.
　　The decontaminationefficiency of 1.6L catalysts except DCC-12 was much lower compared withDCC-WF (baseline, the decontamination efficiency is 19%).2) The performance of DCC-5、DCC-3 and DCC-6 was improved byadding Lanthanide into the catalyst, redesigning the converter volume andoptimizing the ingredient of catalyst. Test results showed that only the changeof DCC-6 catalytic converter meet the target. The catalytic converter labeledas DCC-10 (improved from DCC-6) was of higher decontamination efficiencyat high temperature and kept the same under other operations. Moreover, itcould restrain the emission deterioration resulted by sulfur under hightemperature operations.5、The key factors that contribute much effects on the http://www.chinamagnets.biz decontaminationefficiency were investigated at last. Conclusions can be drawn as following:1) The ceramic cordierite honeycomb carrier could adsorb the emissionsPM by 16%;2) The effects of temperature especially the light-off temperature ofcatalytic converter on the decontamination efficiency was studied. Testresults showed that the DCC-5 catalytic converter has lower light-offtemperature (T50 is 180℃) compared to other two catalytic converters.3) The relation between air speed and decontamination efficiency wasfounded out by testing and calculating. Results showed that thedecontamination efficiency is higher at low air speed from 20000 h-1 to 40000h-1, and the decontamination efficiency would decrease dramatically when theair speed beyond 40000 h-1.4) The effect of sulfur fraction of fuel on the PM emissions was studied bychemical measuring the SO 42? quantity. It is found that sulfur fraction hadlittle effects on the decontamination efficiency of DCC-5 catalyst, whichmeans the DCC-5 has higher ability of sulfur restraining.5) The reliability of DCC-5 catalytic converter was validated by long timetesting. Test results showed that it still has high decontamination efficiency(50%, mean value) after 30-hour uninterrupted testing. The decontaminationefficiency decreased briefly at middle load, while increased again at highload.

Study on Improving Impact Toughness and Friction Welding Technology of Ductile Cast Iron

　　Study on Improving Impact Toughness and Friction Welding Technology of Ductile Cast Iron
　　The way of improving room-temperature and low-temperature impacttoughness of ductile cast iron has been studied in this article. Reasonablenodularization and inoculation technology were established through someexperiments. The effects of heat treatment, Block neodymium magnet chemical composition and coolingspeed on structure and impact toughness of ductile cast iron have been analyzed.The results achieved are: Nodularization treatment used RE-Mg nodularizer,the amount of which was 1%. Inoculation treatment used 0.6%75SiFe in ladleinoculation.
　　The way of fast cooling was adopted. The technique ensured theeffects of nodularization and inoculation. Spherical graphite gained was small andthe number of spherical graphite was more. Ductile cast iron gained ferrite baseby two-stage annealing. At the same time, room-temperature and low-temperatureimpact toughness of ductile cast iron were excellent when chemical compositionwas 3.3～3.7%C,1.5～2.0%Si,Mn≤0.2%,S≤0.03%,P≤0.07%.The http://www.chinamagnets.biz friction welding of ductile cast iron and low carbon steel has been stillexplored in this article. The weldability and mechanical property of the weldingjoints have been studied. The results show that under certain welding parameter,the joints of ductile cast iron and low carbon steel were sound, and the joints hadadequate strength. So the friction welding was fit for ductile cast iron and lowcarbon steel.

The Influence of Nd on the High-cycle Fatigue of Die Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

　　The Influence of Nd on the High-cycle Fatigue of Die Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy
　　Magnesium alloys have been widely used to reduce the car in automotiveindustry, so it becomes a focus in the field of material science due to their lowdensity. This paper have studied the high cycle fatigue property and thecorrelative mechanical properties of AZ91 die-casting magnesium alloys withthe addition of different content rare earth Nd(0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%). The resultof this research has evaluated the properties of the three kinds of materialobjectively. It also has practical value on industrial production.At first,we reviewed the current status of magnesium alloys application inmost related field and the gap of it between other developed country and us.
　　The superiority on property and the potential Ball Neodymium Magnets of magnesium alloys are alsodescribed. Fatigue property of materials in modern industrial applicationemphasized in this paper.This paper has observed the phase microstructure and analyzed the newphase by energy chart and XRD, tested the regular mechanical property of thethree kinds of alloys comparatively and obtained S-N curve and the fatiguelimit by using “small sample” and “group” method. In order to understand themicrostructure and the mechanism of high cycle fatigue, we studied themicrostructure and fatigue fracture by scanner electron microscope andtransmission electron microscope. And then discussed the reasons of influenceon the fatigue property and the influence of RE on fatigue property.The study indicates that because the strengthening effect of the secondphrase Al11Nd3, the rigidity of material enhances within a small range as theaddition of RE . When the content of Nd is 1.0%, the material has the bestfatigue property and correlative mechanical property. But σb,σ0.2,δ and even thefatigue limit of the three kinds of material decreases to different extent when Ndis kept adding. That is the result of the http://www.chinamagnets.biz increase of the second phrase which willproduce to be thicker then divide the microstructure. From SEM and TEManalysis of the high cycle fatigue fractures, we can observe differentmicrostructure character at different moment of crack propagation. The crack isused to initiate from the flaws like cavities, impurities or second phase on ornear to the surface of the samples. Fatigue stripes, fatigue steps and microcracks are observed in the area of crack propagation. When the content of Nd is0.1%, the fatigue stripes distribute most obviously and regularly.This paper has tested the mechanical property and high cycle fatigueproperty of the three kinds of alloys across-the-board and analyzed the effect ofRE Nd on the properties of alloys by changing the microstructure. The result ofresearch indicate that the mechanical property can be enhanced by adding RE.

Study on Magnetic Properties of Bulk Amorphous Alloys Nd-R-Fe-Al(R=Dy, La or Y)

　　Study on Magnetic Properties of Bulk Amorphous Alloys Nd-R-Fe-Al(R=Dy, La or Y)
　　Application and development of materials is the important milestoneto the progress of human being. As one of the important magnetic amorphousmaterials, RE-Fe( RE=Nd, Pr) metallic glasses with promising magneticproperties were developed by J. J. Croat and have been intensivelyinvestigated because of their great significance in material science and theirconsiderable technological promise. Nd-Fe-Al bulk metallic glasses (BMGs)have shown attractive glass-forming ability (GFA) and high coercivity atroom temperature. However, neither distinct glass transition nor supercooledliquid region has been observed in their diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC)traces, while the distinct glass transition and wide supercooled liquid regionare common features for other BMGs. And the neodymium magnets high coercivity of the BMGs isanomalous because of their disordered structure。As a hard magnetic materialwith high coercive,it exploited likely one new area for bulk amorphousapplication. In this paper , amorphous ribbons were attained using melt-spuntechnology, and their magnetics performance have been investigated.Thereare great significance not only to the fundamental research but also to thepotential application.This paper consists of six chapters.
　　The first and twice chapters mainlyintroduce the development of amorphous material and some measuring waysin this paper;auther’s main research works are introduced from the thirdchapter to the sixth chapter . The main results are outlined as follows:1. The glass-forming ability and thermal stability of Na-R-Fe-Al wereinvestigated using XRD, SEM and DSC. http://www.chinamagnets.biz The study indicated: it has neitherdistinct glass transition nor supercooled liquid region has been observed in thediferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces of Na-R-Fe-Al, and it did notconfirmed Tg point. It is found that addition of La reduce thermal stability ofNd-Fe-Al amorphous alloys, while addition of Y and Dy elements not onlypromote GFA of alloys,but also enhance its thermal stability.2.The magnetic of (Nd1-xDyx)60Fe30Al10 bulk amorphous alloys wasstudied. It is found that remanence Mr decreases with increasing content of Dy.Coercivity force increases rapidly when as Dy content is increased. Coercivityforce reach 6Koe at x=0.1.3. The coercivity of Nd-Fe-Al are decreased due to the addition ofnon-magnetic atom of La and Y. With increasing content of La, remanenceincrease, reaching a maximum as x=0.3, then begins to decrease. As forNdYFeAl amorphous alloys, Coercivity force decreases to 0 as x=0.4,bothremanence and magnetic energy level take on marked decrease trend along Ycontent increased.4. Magnetic characteristics are correlated closely with cooling rate.
　　Itwas found that coercive force increased with the wheel speed, attains itsmaxinum at about 10m/s and 11m/s,then decrease with further increase thewheel speed,while cooling rate reach 20m/s , coercive force disappeared.5. According to the Henkel plot δm(H) http://www.chinamagnets.biz curve, it can be conclude:theexchange coupling of atomic clusters has important influence on magnetperformance as the applied field was small;while magnetic dipole interactionhas important influence to magnet performance on the other hand. Becausethere are the great anisotropism for Dy,exchange coupling of atomic clusterscan be increased by substituting Dy for Nd. While addition of non-magnetismelement L(aor Y)results decreasing height of positive peakand increasing thatof negative peak, such phenomena became brilliance with increasing La(orY)contents. We knows that the exchange coupling can be improved for lowanisotropism,but direct exchange coupling of magnetic moments can bedecreased due to non-magnetism element La(or Y),and it can counteractincrease of exchange coupling ,then the exchange coupling of atomic clusterswill decrease and coercive force will also decrease.6. The coercivity indicates the ability of resisting the reversal field for apermanent magnets and the coercivity mechanism is key problem inpermanent magnetis.According to the initial magnetization curve of Nd base,dependence of reduced remanence and coercivity on magnetizing field andHenkel Plot,it is conclude that the coercivity mechanism is domain wallpinning. Investigation on reversible and irreversible behaviors inmagnetization and demagnetization curves of Nd-Dy-Fe-Al andNd-La(Y)-Fe-Al BMG , it shows that they have both similar change, and hardmagnetic properties originated from the magnetocrystalline anisotropic fieldof rare-earth element.

双相纳米复合永磁材料Nd8.2-xPrxDy0.8Fe85Nb1B5(x=1，2，4，7，8.2)磁性能和微结构的实验研究

　　双相纳米复合永磁材料Nd8.2-xPrxDy0.8Fe85Nb1B5(x=1，2，4，7，8.2)磁性能和微结构的实验研究
　　The permanent magnet can carry out the mutual convert of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy or sound energy through the interaction of magnetic poles and the magnetic field in the interspace. Thus permanent magnetic materials have extensively applications in many realms of production and life. Nanocomposite permanent magnetic material is a new type of rare-earth magnet, which composes of soft phase and hard phase with nanoscaled microstructure, is founded on the basis of exchange-coupling theory. Nanocomposite permanent magnetic material possesses both the high remanence of the soft phase and the high coercivity of the hard phase and is expected to be a new generation of permanent magnetic material with excellent properties. In this work, we prepared nanocomposite Nd8.2-xPrxDy0.8Fe85Nb1B5(x = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8.2) ribbons using the melt-spinning technique with different wheel speeds and heat treatment conditions. The phase components of the samples Special shape NdFeB magnets were analyzed with X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) was used to observe the microstructures of the samples and to evaluate their grain sizes. The magnetic properties of the ribbons were measured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The main results of this work are as follows:1. For Nd8.2-xPrxDy0.8Fe85Nb1B5(x = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8.2) ribbons melt-spun with a speed of 45 m/s, the annealing temperature/timeincreases with the increase of Pr content.
　　The optimum magnetic properties of (BH)m = 104.86 kJ/m3, HCI = 540.4 kA/m, Mt = 787.13 kA/m, Mt/Ms = 0.75 were obtained in Ndg^-xPrxDyo.sFegsNbiBs (x = 4) sample under the optimum annealing condition 580°C/3min. The magnetic properties of nanocomposite Ndg^-jcPrxDyo.sFegsNbiBsCx = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8.2) ribbons are affected mainly by two factors, i.e., the content of Pr and the mean grain size of the soft and hard phases. When the mean grain size of the sample fits the critical size of exchange coupling interaction, the magnetic properties of the samples are obviously enhanced by small amount of Pr substitution for Nd.2. The best magnetic properties of (BH)m = 121.5 kJ/m3, Hcx = 391.7 kA/mr MT = 1511 kA/m, Mr/Ms = 0.65 were obtained in Nd4 2Pr4Dyo gFegsNbiBs ribbons prepared by controlled-melt-spinning with a http://www.999magnet.com wheel speed of 15 m/s + subsequent annealing technique. These magnetic properties are much better than that of the other samples prepared by "high speed melt-spinning (v > 30 m/s) +subsequent annealing " and " direct crystallization" (v<10 m/s)" techniques. The main reason is that the ribbon prepared by the controiled-melt-spinning with a wheel speed of 15 m/s +subsequent annealing technique has finer mean grain size, which is the essential factor for the better magnetic properties.3. The Nd^.2Pr4Dyo.8Feg5NbiB5 ribbons prepared by the controlled-melt-spinning with a wheel speed of 20 m/s and 25 m/s have their preferred orientation. The easy axes of the samples arein the plane of the ribbons. The nucleation and growth of grains during the quenching process are mainly influenced by two factors: One is the temperature gradient of the sample, which results in the easy axis of the sample perpendicular to the plane of the ribbon. Another is the inducement effect of oc-Fe {110} crystallographic texture, which results in the easy axis of the sample in the plane of the ribbon. In our samples, the latter may plays the dominant role. This is the possible reason that the Nd4.2Pr4Dyo.8Feg5NbiB5 ribbons prepared by the controlled-melt-spinning with a wheel speed of 20 m/s or 25 ni/s have their preferred orientation.

基于密度泛函理论的镧镍团簇结构和性质研究

　基于密度泛函理论的镧镍团簇结构和性质研究
　　Clusters, as a new form of substance, show many novel and unique properties both in physics and chemistry. The detailed knowledge of the atomic structure of clusters, and the dependence of structure on size is an intriguing issue. Due to their unique geometrical arrangements, physical, chemical, electronic and magnetic properties, the studies of clusters can greatly facilitate and promote the fundamental and applied research of many related subjects, such as physics, chemistry and materials.The electronic structure and chemical bond of cluster dominate geometric configuration, contrariwise, geometric configuration reflects the feather of chemical band and electronic structure. Segment neodymium magnets Therefore, unambiguous assignment of the ground state geometric configuration is a principal task. Because of the special construction of Lanthanum and the application of Lanthanum-Nickel materials, we employed first principles calculation-- DMol method that based on the density-functional theory, and we used the BLYP exchange-correlation functional and a double-numerical basis with polarized functions (DNP). Structural and electronic properties of Lanthanum-Nickel mixed clusters (total atom number is less than seven) have been systematically studied. We choose transition mental— http://www.999magnet.com  Nickel as theimpurity, we got various stable structures in all conditions, meanwhile we found that Lanthanum-Nickel mixed clusters usually have certain magnetism. Besides the magnitude of magnetism was determinated by symmetrical characteristic, and usually some electron charges moved from Lanthanum to Nickel. It established the foundation for the calculation of the structural and electronic properties of the middle scale clusters, even those of the large-scale clusters.

Preparation of YAG: Ce by Hydrothermal

　　Preparation of YAG: Ce by Hydrothermal
　　YAG:Ce phosphor has the merit of high chemical stability, high hardness, high meltpoint and long life et al. It has good weatherability and will be very stability even if in thecircumstance of humid and ultraviolet without coated. The phosphor and blue LED chipcan make up of optic white light, namely white LED. This white LED has wide applicationfuture and will Block neodymium magnet become the forth new illuminant. This article used hydrothermal methodsynthesized anaphase phosphor material YAG:Ce. Compared with conventional methodsuch as solid-state reactions and combustion, the sample have littler granularity (diameter is200nm) ,purer phase, and have no conglobation. Compared with different reactioncondition, we conclude that if mingle some organic matter then can notability reducereaction requirement. By the study of influence of different reaction circumstance toproduction such as synthesizing temperature, mingle density of Ce3+,we find the bestreaction condition.The http://www.chinamagnets.biz sample is cubic structure and has uniform size. The excitation spectra of sample isfrom 420nm to 540nm and emission spectra is from 450nm to 650nm, so the emission lightof sample and blue light of LED ship can well mingle optic Wight light.

Study on the Application of Antibacterial, Flame and Antistatic Polypropylene

　　Study on the Application of Antibacterial, Flame and Antistatic Polypropylene
　　As the enhancement of science and technology and improvement in living standards, new functional requirements of the common plastic are also increasing. Function of polypropylene material which is the generic plastic has become a new research direction. The paper has investigated preparation of anti-bacterial polypropylene 、 flame retardant and anti-static polypropylene. And the novel organic tin macromolecular anti-bacterial agent has been Ball Neodymium Magnets synthesized.Polypropylene and inorganic silver anti-bacterial agent prepared antibacterial masterbatch,then antibacterial masterbatches and polypropylene produced anti-bacterial polypropylene. Research has shown that rare-earth activating inorganic silver antibacterial agent which has used silane and titanate coupling agent treating has prepared antibacterial polypropylene, the efficiency of antibacterial is the highest, reaching more than 95%.In addition, maleimide and tri-n-butyltin oxide for raw materials, reaction product and styrene copolymerize, generate a kind of organic tin macromolecular antibacterial N-TBTM/St,. then N-TBTM/St and polypropylene extrude、 inject mold.The research has shown that the efficiency of antibacterial for N-TBTM is a little lower than for inorganic agent.The research paper has investigated that the effect of anti-static agents on the surface resistivity of polypropylene,the effect of the amount of flame retardant agent on the oxygen index and mechanical performance of polypropylene,and the results of the optimal compound of flame retardant agents established with suitable anti-static agent selected. http://www.chinamagnets.biz Experimental results have shown that pentabromophenyl ethers and Sb2O3 have good synergy, Sb2O3 is synergistic agent, when mol ratio Br:Sb=3:1, oxygen index is 27.8.;Surface resistivity of polypropylene is 1 × 1012Ω when the content of anti-static agent is 2.5% .Notable point of the paper is the synthesize of the organic tin macromolecular anti-bacterial agent N-TBTM/St, initial decomposition temperature of the copolymer is above 330℃, heatstability is fine. N-TBTM/St and polypropylene has been extruded so that polypropylene has good anti-bacterial properties.

Study on the Synthesis, Modification and Photocatalytic Properties of SrTiO3 and K2La2Ti3O10 for Water Decomposition

　　Study on the Synthesis, Modification and Photocatalytic Properties of SrTiO3 and K2La2Ti3O10 for Water Decomposition
　　Hydrogen is an alternative energy source with high efficiency and pollution free. The photocatalytic splitting of water to hydrogen using semiconductor as photocatalyst is a potentially clean and renewable method which is of both theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the influence of metal elements doping and second supported component loading on the photoctalytic activity of CoO/SrTiO3 were studied. Meanwhile, a new route for synthesis of layered oxide K2La2Ti3O10 with solid-state reaction method was investigated.The photocatalytic properties of SrTiO3 doped with the first series transition metal elements, such as Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, were studied. The results show that Zn doping can improve the photocatalytic activity to a great neodymium magnets degree, while others lead to the decline of photocatalytic activity. Then Zn doped SrTiO3 were investigated in detail from doping amount, loading amount of cocatalyst CoO and calcination temperature, and it is found that the activity of Zn-doped SrTiO3 get an increase of about 150% in the optimized conditions.
　　The influence of rare earth element La as dopant on the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 was investigated. The optimum values of doping concentration, loading amount of CoO and calcination temperature were determined by experiments. From the results, we can see that the activity is 50% higher than the original one with the optimum doping concentration. Moreover, La doping could decrease the crystal size of SrTiO3 and increase the suitable loading amount of CoO gradually with the increase of doping concentration. The La or Zn doped catalysts were studied in detail to obtain reaction mechanism information in conjuction with XRD, SEM, XPS, UV-vis diffuse reflection, BET, etc. characterization techniques. The effect of La or Zn dopingon the photocatalytic activity of CoO/SrTiO3 for decomposition of water has never been reported so far.The influence of transition metal elements as second supported components on the photocatalytic activity of CoO/SrTiO3 was http://www.chinamagnets.biz investigated. The results show that the activity was improved obviously with La loading. Moreover, Ag addition to CoO/ SrTiCh can not only improve the activity, but also enhance the stability of photocatalyst. The suitable amounts of loaded components were determined by experiments.A new route for synthesis of K^I^TiaOio via solid-state reaction method starting from Ti0(0H)2 formed by hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate was put forward for the first time. Then, the synthesis conditions, such as KOH excess %, calcination temperature, etc. were optimized. The effect of cocatalyst component on the phocatalytic activity of K2La2Ti30io was also investigated. It is found that Ag, CoO and NiO are all the effective cocatalyst to K2La2Ti30io- Among them, NiO performs best and its suitable loading amount was determined.

Geochemistry and Implications of Basalts from Ophiolite in Northern Xinjiang

　　Geochemistry and Implications of Basalts from Ophiolite in Northern Xinjiang
　　Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain and Tethyan tectonic domain are the main two tectonic belts in northern and south-western China, respectively. They have different tectonic evolution history and distributions. This thesis present systematic study of elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry of the basaltic and related rocks in western Junggar and Tienshan in northern Xinjiang, in an effort to reveal the features of the Paleo-Asian Ocean mantle domain, Ball Neodymium Magnets to test if they belong to the Tethyan tectonic domain, or whether a significant boundary between the above two mantle domains.Three parts were included in this thesis. Firstly, the characteristics of major elements, trace elements and REE for all samples indicate that Dalabute ophiolite in western Junggar show N-MORB and E-MORB affinities. which formed in the the middle ocean ridge. Pillow basalts from Tangbale ophiolite show characteristics of E-MORB, and possibly originated from the strench environment in the beginning of Island arc. Secondly, by compareing with Tethyan oceanic ophiolite, the Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition of Dalabute basalts show that the mantle sources are similar to the MORB-type basalts in Indian Ocean, and so conformity to the MORB-type basalts in the Tethys. In the third part, a systematic comparison of trace element ratio among all basalt samples with the data of Tethys and West Qinling-Songpan tectonic node. Generally, trace element ratio characteristics of ophiolite in the western Junggar and northern Tien-shan are consistent to Tethyan ophiolites.To sum up of the mention above, http://www.chinamagnets.biz although the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys are tectonically belong to different tectonic domains, they show similar trace element and isotope geochemical characteristics. Two possible expanations could be applied for this. One is that the two diffferent domains have the same gechcemical features, another one is that the study area in northern Xinjiang is a part of the Tethyan domain, the real boundary between the two domains should site in further north position comparing to our area.

偕胺肟型螯合分离功能材料的辐射技术合成研究

　　偕胺肟型螯合分离功能材料的辐射技术合成研究
　　A functional material for chelating separation with amidoxime group, is often used in heavy mental ions’ (including Uranium, Thorium, rare mental) absorption and enrichment, radiochemical separation and radiochemical waste water disposal. It is also the best material to extract Uranium from sea water due to its special functional group’s structure and excellent absorption property.In this study, a new functional material of this kind was synthesized by amidoximation reaction of SDB-AN, which was the irradiation grafting product of acrylonitrile(AN) and polystyrene-divinylbenze (SDB).FT-IR, SEM and TG confirmed that SDB was a polymer with excellent resistance to neodymium rare earth magnets irradiation. And the peroxides produced in pre-irradiation initiating grafting reaction, which was also confirmed.
　　The pre-irradiation grafting reaction was influenced by many factors such as absorbed dose, AN concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. The results showed that the best condition was irradiated at 2400kGy, chosen 1:7 acrylonitrile monomer/water ratio and reacted at 80℃ for 3h. Then the SEM was used to observe the microstructure of SDB-AN. Because the need dose in pre-irradiation grafting was too high, mutual radiation grafting was then studied. It was found that two factors, the absorbed dose and the AN swelling degree in SDB influenced the grafting reaction.The structure of SDB-AN obtained through two irradiation grafting methods was characterized by FT-IR. There were absorbing peaks of C-O and C=O in pre-irradiation grafting SDB-AN, but no in another. The appearance of SDB-AN was described by optical microscope photos. Comparatively, Pre-irradiation grafting products took priority.After grafting, the target functional group was http://www.chinamagnets.biz introduced to SDB-AN by amidoximation reaction in hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and SDBAO with satisfied properties was synthesized. In this step SDB-AN synthesized by pre-irradiation grafting was used. The reaction was influenced by AN grafted percentage, hydroxylamine hydrochloride concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. FT-IR and SEM indicated SDBAO being synthesized successfully. The results showed that the best condition was in 0.9mol/l hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution at 80℃, PH=7 for 2.5h.In this process, SDB was changed from a non-polar substrate to SDBAO, which was a polar polymer with excellent separation property. The synthesis of SDBAO by irradiation supplied a theory basis and experiment data for the subsequent work as well as a novel way for other related functional materials.

Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Divalent Lanthanide Complexes with Tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl-Functionalized Indenyl Ligands

　　Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Divalent Lanthanide Complexes with Tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl-Functionalized Indenyl Ligands
　　All experiments were performed under an atmosphere of dry argon with the rigid exclusion of air and moisture using standard Schlenk techniques. Reaction of C5H9OCH2Cl with 1 equiv of C9H7Li in THF yielded C5H9OCH2C9H7 (1) in 73% yield. Treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of n-BuLi, followed by reaction with 2 equiv of Me3SiCl in THF yielded rare earth magnets C5H9OCH2C9H6SiMe3 (2) in 96% yield.Treatment of [(Me3Si)2N]3YbIII(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with 2 equiv of 1、2 in toluene at 80°C via a homolytic reaction, gave the ytterbium(II) complexes [η5:η1-(C5H9OCH2C9H6)]2YbII (3) in 76% yield, [η5:η1-(C5H9OCH2C9H5 SiMe3)]2YbII(4) in 67% yield. Treatment of [(Me3Si)2N]3EuIII(μ-Cl)Li (THF)3 with 2 equiv of 1 and 2 in toluene at 60°C via a homolytic reaction, gave the europium(II) complexes [η5:η1-(C5H9OCH2C9H6)]2EuII(5) in 65% yield, [η5:η1-(C5H9OCH2 C9H5SiMe3)]2EuII(6) in 41% yield. Recrystallization of 6 from hexane gave the europium(II) complexe [η5:η1-(C5H9OCH2C9H5SiMe3)]2 EuII·1/2C6H14 (7). All the compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. http://www.chinamagnets.biz Complexes 4 and 7 were additionally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These results further certify the heteroatom coordination promoted homolytic reaction of the Ln-N(Ln = Yb、Eu) bond. This work further extends the new methodology to prepare organolanthanide (II) complexes.At the same time, We have studied the catalytic activity of the organolanthanide(II) complexes as single-component polymerization catalysts of Methyl methacrylate andε-caprolactone. Studies showed that 3 and 5 have no catalytic activity in catalyzing polymerization, but 4 and 6 have catalytic

Synthesis, Characterization, Spectrometric Properities and Biological Activities Investigiation of Salicyladehyde Schiff-base Complexes

　　Synthesis, Characterization, Spectrometric Properities and Biological Activities Investigiation of Salicyladehyde Schiff-base Complexes
　　Schiff bases and their metallic complexes have been widely investigated for more than a century. These complexes are known as being biologically important activities, and as catalysts. The preface of this thesis focuses on introducing the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of Schiff bases, as well as their complexes、 the advances of their application using as potential antibacterial、 antiviral reagents、 anticancer reagents and enzyme inhibitor etc.The complexes of multidentate amide and Schiff base have been attracted people’s interest for Segment neodymium magnet a long time owing to their direct connection with organism and their special chemical properties.
　　The multidentate chelating ligands containing nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms have strong abilities with transition metal and rare earth metal cations. This kind of complexes are to coordinate special useful for catalysis, electrochemical activity and so on. They often exhibit better fluorescent properties and may be usefully as fluorescent luminophors. Amide is similar to small peptide. It is the model compound of pankrin and oxidase and is important to simulating the mechanism of vital process. Schiff base is a kind or important ligand too. It can coordinate with most of metal to form complexes. These complexes are widely used in catalysis, medicaments and new materials.In this thesis, more than 9 complexes of Schiff base were synthesized by the reactions of hydrazine hydrate; phenylamine; ethylenediamine; o-phenylene diamine; triethylene-tetramine with salicyladehyde. They were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra. Single crystal structure of the typical http://www.chinamagnets.biz compounds were determined. The antibacterial activities were also examined. The relationship between structure varying and properties was also discussed preliminarily.The following research was presented in this thesis:Metal complexes of Schiff bases have occupied a important role in the development of coordination chemistry and not many papers ranging from pharmaceutical chemistry to biochemical relevant studies were published during recent years. In this thesis, we report the synthesies and characterizations of a series of salicyadehyde with Schiff base and their complexes. The structure analysis of these Schiff base ligands were by X-Ray, IR,UV. In the DMF solutions with different amount of either the ligands or their complexes, the antibacterial activities against two kind of bacteria were examined. It indicated that the Schiff base ligand is

Study on the New High Strength and Creep Resistance of Magnesium Alloy

　　Study on the New High Strength and Creep Resistance of Magnesium Alloy
　　Since Magnesium alloys have such advantages as low density, high specific strength and rigidity、good damping performance and electromagnetic shielding ability, they have been found more and more applications in the fields of automobile、aerospace and electronic products . However they have low strength and poor creep resistance at high temperature, which have blocked them from being used as structural materials to produce heat-resistant parts in Ring neodymium magnet automotive, aerospace and other industries. In this paper, Zr and rare-earth element Nd are added into Mg-Zn based alloy and the new Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy is fabricated. The microstructures of the new alloys are evaloated by Optical Microscope、X-ray Diffraction (XRD)、Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and their mechanical properties are systemically studied.
　　The optimum components of alloy under experimental conditions are obtained and the effects of additional elements on alloy’s mechanical properties and creep property are discussed.The results show that: (1) The addition of Zr can obviously refine grains of Mg-Zn-Nd alloy and the refining effect is the best when the Zr content is at 0.8wt%. It is mainly because thatα-Zr is precipitated in the inner of grains, which can serve as theα-Mg nucleation so as to refrain the growth of grain through heterogeneous nucleation.(2) The alloy’s tensile strength gradually increases with Zr addition at room temperature, and both the tensile strength and elongation reaches the maximum values when the http://www.chinamagnets.biz content of Zr is up to 0.8wt%. The analysis of XRD and SEM(EDS) showed that compounds such as Mg12Nd、Mg7Zn3 and Mg2Zn11 are precipitated along the grain boundaries of MgZn5Nd3.5Zrx alloy, which can effectively lock dislocation so as to strengthen alloy and improve the mechanical properties of alloy by grain refining.(3) The creep resistance of Zn5Nd3.5Zr0.8 alloy is good under 50MPa at 175℃, but it drops when the temperature is higher than 200℃. The improvement of creep resistance is mainly caused by the addition of high melting-point elements of Zr and Nd, which can refine the metallographic structure of alloy and the strengthening phases of Mg12Nd, Mg7Zn3 and Mg2Zn11 can stop the cross slip of grain bounders so as to improve the creep property.Under this experimental conditions, the optimum components of Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy with

The Set-Up of Magnetic Circular Dichroism Absorption Spectroscopy of Hard X-Rays Range at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory

　　The Set-Up of Magnetic Circular Dichroism Absorption Spectroscopy of Hard X-Rays Range at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
　　For the first time X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) absorption spectroscopy of hard X-rays was setup at the beamline 1W1B and XAFS experimental station, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). In combination with conventional X-rays absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, the developed technique can provide an alternative Ring neodymium magnet tool for outside users and in house research. It is expected the developed XMCD can be applied to the study of magnetism and magnetic materials, especially, magnetic multilayer by means of transmission, (from room to low temperature) fluorescence and total-electron-yield (TEY) mode. Limited by the energy range of monochromator, the measurements can cover the L edges of a few of 5d- transitional metals (Pt, Ir, Au etc), some rare earth elements (Gd etc) and the K-edges of some 3d transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni etc). As a demonstration, the XMCD spectra of disordered Pt-Fe disorder alloys http://www.chinamagnets.biz were collected at Pt L2,3 edges in the transmission mode and a dramatic XMCD signal was observed. Based on the sum rule of XMCD, orbital and spin moments of Pt atoms for each sample are calculated. In addition, the Pt-Co multilayer thin films at Pt L2,3 edges were measured in the total-electronic-yield mode and a consistent XMCD signal was observed. Finally the systematic errors related to the instrumention and measuring procedures were presented and discussed.

Research on Growth and Properties of BaWO4 Crystal

　　Research on Growth and Properties of BaWO4 Crystal
　　Barium tungstate crystal was recently developed as a new promising nonlinear material for crystalline nano- and picosecond Raman lasers. Doping this crystal with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions could allow it to be used as a laser active element and a nonlinear Raman medium simultaneously. In this report the single crystals of BaWO4, Yb3+, Er3+:BaWO4, and Yb3+:BaWO4 with different concentrations of K+ -codoped ions were successfully grown along c-axis direction by using the Czochralski method.Research on the process of growth and growth pattern of Cube neodymium magnet crystals shows that constitutional super-cooling, dislocation are the main reasons influencing the obtainment of the high qualitative BaWO4 crystals grown in the direction of <110>.
　　The cracking of crystals due to large anisotropy in linear thermal expansion for different crystallographic directions is also an important reason, especially for the growth of crystals doped with rare earth ions. Choice of appropriate growth processing parameters could avoid the effect due to the factors mentioned above.The measurement and calculation of the sample density and X-ray powder diffraction of Yb3+:BaWO4 crystals were used to check the influence of K+ -codoped ions on the lattice structure. Influence of K+ ions on absorption and fluorescence spectra of Yb3+:BaWO4 crystals were analyzed. All these shows that a certain quantity of K+ ions doped in Yb3+:BaWO4 crystals will help to increase the quantity of Yb3+ doped ions, and improve the properties of absorption.Fluorescence spectrum of Er3+ ions in Yb3+, Er3+:BaWO4 crystals was obtained using 334nm laser as the pump light. Through analyzing and calculating absorption and fluorescence http://www.chinamagnets.biz spectra, level parameters of Er3+ ions in Yb3+, Er3+:BaWO4 were obtained partly. The analysis of transition channel of Er3+ ions shows the possibility of formation of four-level structure according to the 4G9/2→4I9/2 transition at 670nm excited by short-wave laser.Spontaneous Raman spectra of BaWO4 crystal excited by 488nm argon ions laserat room temperature were obtained, and the linewidth of the Raman lines were

Preparation of Coated Nanocomposite Magnetic Powders and Investigation on the Densification by SPS

　　Preparation of Coated Nanocomposite Magnetic Powders and Investigation on the Densification by SPS
　　Nanocomposite magnets consist of hard and soft magnetic phases. A high remanence and large maximum magnetic energy product would be obtained because of the exchange coupling effect of the hard and soft phases. In addition, Nanocomposite magnets have excellence in low rare-earth concentration, low cost and high use temperature. Block neodymium magnet So nanocomposite magnets become a promising candidate of the fourth generation permanent magnet after the third generation magnet of Nd2Fe14B. In this thesis, the bulk nanocomposite magnets are prepared by sonochemistry, high-energy milling and spark plasma sintering. First, the preparation of the nano-iron particles was investigated. And based on the results, the coated nanocomposite magnetic powder consisted of hard and soft particles was successfully prepared by sonochemistry. The final work was focused on the densification of the coated nanocomposite magnetic powder by spark plasma sintering. The study emphasis was laid on the dependence of properties and microstructure of the magnets on the process of sintering, the content of soft phase and high-energy ball milling before sintering.
　　The preparation of nano-iron and coated nanocomposite magnetic powder by sonochemistry and the mechanism of coating were systematically studied by means of SEM, TEM, IR, XRD and EDS. The optimum preparation condition by sonochemistry was determined. Coated nanocomposite magnetic powders were prepared through the use of sonochemistry for decomposing carbonyl iron in decane solvent at -3～0°C in Ar atmosphere for 2h～3h with the http://www.chinamagnets.biz
 sonochemical power of 120W. The hard magnetic particles are well coated by nano-iron particles. In addition, hard magnetic powder used for coating needs to be carried out high-energy milling for becoming fine. On the condition of certain Ratio of grinding media to material speed of rotation, hard magnetic particles became finer with the time of milling. But after milling for 8h, the hard magnetic particles became coarser. As a result, it is determined that the time of milling for hard magnetic powder is fixed on 6h.Bulk two-phase nanocomposite magnets densified by spark plasma sintering have

Study on the Microstructure and Property of Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr-Er

　　Study on the Microstructure and Property of Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr-Er
　　In this thesis, Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy containing different percent of Er were prepared with Metallurgy cast processing. By means of hardness measurement , tensile properties measurement, optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), effects of Er on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ball Neodymium Magnets Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy under different states (as-cast, homogenize -ed, hot-rolled, cold-rolled, annealed) were investigated. The existing forms and interactions between Er and other alloying elements in Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy, the strengthening and refining mechanism were profoundly studied, and the effects of Er on corrosion properties of Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy were discussed.Research results show that the addition of different content Er was found to improve the mechanical properties (strength and hardness) of Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy to different extent.
　　When Er additions were 0.4%, the strength was considerably improved for Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy, while the ductility keeps stable or become better. With the increase of Er additions, the strength is hardly influenced and ductility decrease obviously. The primary strengthening mechanisms in Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr alloy added Er are fine grain strengthening, solubility strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Of all mentioned three strengthening mechanisms, the precipitation strengthening plays more important role than others.The refinement effect of Er on the microstructure of the as-cast Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn -0.1Zr alloy became prominent gradually, and the http://www.chinamagnets.biz netlike structure was slowly refined, the dendritic distance and grain size were continually reduced with the increase of Er content. The grain will be refined significantly when Er additions are 0.4%wt or more. The grain fine mechanism is related with the primary Al3Er which was formed during solidification. These primaries (Al3Er) which match very closely to the Al matrix will be able to act as heterogeneous nucleates, so the nucleation ration is improved and the grain is refined.The formation enthalpy between Er and Mg & Er and Mn are lower that between Er and Al, so the existing forms of Er in Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr are quite similar to that in Al-5Mg alloy, that is to say, Er is resolved in Al matrix to form solid solution when its content is low (≤0.2%). If the content of Er is higher (≥0.4%), the

The Microstructure and the Study of Elevated Temperature Property of ZM6 Alloy

　　The Microstructure and the Study of Elevated Temperature Property of ZM6 Alloy
　　The microstructure and mechanical behaviors at elevated temperature of ZM6 were investigated in this study. The microstructure and phase of as-cast and heat treated ZM6 were analyzed by means of optical microscope(OM),scanning electron nicroscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM).Gleeble-1500D was employed to study the mechanical behaviors at elevated temperature of ZM6.The results show that the massive Mg-RE neodymium magnets phase Mg12Nd is mainly distributed on the grain boundary of as-cast ZM6 alloy.Only a small amount of flaky and grainy Mg12Nd distribute in intracrystalline and grain boundary. Mg12Nd phase is uniformly distributed on the matrix as criss-cross flak gathered by spotted state phase after solution and aging treatmentIt is shown that cleavage fracture is the main mechanism accompanied with elongated dimple fracture at 100℃,while the fracture is typical dimple fracture above 250℃.The dimples have began to melt at the strain rate of 10-4s-1 at 250℃at the edge of specimen. Elongation percentage and contraction of area increase as the temperature rise to the maximum of 36.6% and 55.7%, respectively.
　　Tensile stress is decreased as the increased temperature. The maximum tensile strength reaches 220MPa at the strain rate of 10-2s-1 at 100℃. The higher strain rate leads to increase of stress .The results of compression test show that fracture occurs below 250℃. Cleavage fracture emerges below 100℃.It is mixed mechanism with the shallow dimple at 250℃.The lower strain rate resulted in more dimple and the deeper tearing edge. Compression stress is lower http://www.chinamagnets.biz at the elevated temperature. The ultimate compress strength is 295MPa at the strain rate of 10-2s-1 at room temperature. The phase of Mg12Nd is stretched into fibre yarn at 300℃, but it is dispersed in the matrix as the spotted state phase at 400℃. The dispersity is higher at low strain rate.The average strain rate sensitivity exponent of ZM6 alloy was calculated to be 0.235 and the average activation energy was 185.4kJ/mol at the temperature of 300℃to 400℃which is far from self-diffusion energy of magnesium alloy .It is

A Fundamental Research on Comprehensive Recycling of Waste Compact Disc

　　A Fundamental Research on Comprehensive Recycling of Waste Compact Disc
　　Along with the compact disc technology development, the compact disc obtains more and more widespread utilization, so its annual output increases rapidly, but the environment questions caused by it also gradually appear. If simply carried on burying or burning, not only it can increase the environmental pollution, but can waste the massive precious resources in compact disc. After referred to domestic and foreign related treatment and recycling methods, this article was proposed that the recycling of compact disc can be divided into 3 step: separating the surface and reflection layers and recycling the metal, separating the dye layer and recycling the dye, recycling the PC, Neodymium Magnets according to different organizational structure of compact discs and different ingredient in its functional layers.Then lots of related experiments were done, including1. Testing metal in compact discs: It was found that every CD-R includes about 7mg silver or more than 8mg gold by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method, and every CD-RW includes many kinds of precious metal and rare metal with ICP-AES. This also indicates recycling compact disc may obtain precious resources as well as good economic efficiency.2. Recycling metal from compact discs: Using the method of solvent to dispose compact disc surface and reflection layers: After compared with many kind of processing method, the appropriate method-chemical dissolving method was chosen. Through the experiment, it appears that using 15% sodium hydroxide with 10% sodium chloride mixed solution or 60% sodium hypochlorite with 10% sodium hydroxide mixed solution under the appropriate temperature and mixing speed condition may separate compact discs’ surface layer and completely dissolve reflection layer, then metal can been recycled by simple methods.3. Recycling dye layer: Using the method of eluting dye layer by organic solvent. The eluting effects of many kinds of organic solvent on dye as well as the influence to PC have been demonstrated. After selecting three kind of organic solvent for experiment, it was proved alcohol had many kinds of merits so it is the first choice solvent, considering of eluting time and effect.
　　The eluted dye can be recycled in the mechanical and refined strainer, and then it may separate and purify all kinds of dye by many other methods.4. Recycling PC: Using the temperate method to depolymerize PC. In the compact disc, PC occupies the total weight above 98%;therefore recycling PC is most important. Although there are many methods to dispose or recycle PC, none of them is satisfied. In this article, the method of depolymerizing PC in mixed http://www.999magnet.com solvent under the moderate condition was designed. In the mixed solvent of methyl alcohol and toluene(1:3), joined 0.4mol/L sodium hydroxide,PC may be depolymerized to bisphenol A (BPA) and diethyl carbonate (DMC) and its product has high purity above 99% at 60 °C after research.When experiments were over, the mechanisms of recycling metal with NaCIO solvent, eroding compact disc and depolymerizing PC had been clarified after referred to related information and summarized tested data and phenomena in tests.Finally, considered of the questions appeared in the experiment and possible difficulties in the actual engineering utilization, a cleanly craft of recycling compact disc was conceived. It may completely separate all layers of compact disc, and recycle different useful resources from different functional layers. Not only has the treatment of waste water and waste residue which possibly appear been taken into account but the water and solvent used in this craft had been circularly reused to achieved the minimal harmless to the environment and the maximum use of resource.

新型多硝基吡啶酮类含能化合物的合成、结构表征及热分解行为的研究

　　新型多硝基吡啶酮类含能化合物的合成、结构表征及热分解行为的研究
　　Burning rate catalyst can improve and adjust the combustion performance of propellants and it is an indispensable component in the prescription of propellant.It focuses on the improvement of combustion performance of propellant to unify the high energy with low sensitivity of burning catalysts. Many researchers are attracted by the heterocyclic energetic compounds with rich nitrogen for its specialty.Among them,the research of pyridine with nitro groups becomes a branch in this field because many of them have rich nitrogen and high formation enthalpy;furthermore,these heterocyclic nitro-aromatic ring systems can form largeπbonds which are similar to the structure of benzene.They are quite insensitive with heat,friction,spark and strike to external action.Therefore,it is Block neodymium magnet potential to be good energetic catalysts in the future research.Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups on the pyridine ring of hydroxylpyridines(its tautomer is pyridone),it is easier to synthesize their corresponding metal salt.We therefore selected polynitropyridone as starting materials of our energy containing compounds and a series of metal salts derived from polynitropyridones were designed and prepared.Their structures and thermal stabilities were characterized to provide evidence for the study of catalytic mechanism from microscopic aspect and theoretic support in the application as a potential combustion catalyst.
　　The main content and results were as follows:(1) Three kinds of dinitropyridone compounds were synthesized:3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxy pyridone, 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy pyridone and 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxy N-hydroxide pyridone.The compounds 1 and 2 were obtained by one-step synthesis,while the compound 3 were synthesized by 4 steps and its yield was improved in some extent.Furthermore,46 kinds of complexes were synthesized with these three 3,5-dinitropyridone ligands,covering most of the alkali metals,alkali-earth metals,transition metals and rare earth metals.The complexes were characterized and confirmed by melting point determination,element analysis,IR,etc.(2) Single crystals of ten compounds(including the ligand 2) suitable for X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis were successfully grown and characterized.On the basis of the achievements of the past work of our group,the molecular structures of these compounds are discussed and compared.The enol form of ligand 2 is different from the keto form of ligand 1 and ligand 3.
　　The complexes of barium with ligands 1 and 2 are different,to some extent,from each other in structure:both compounds are binuclear bridged by carbonyl groups.The complex of ligand 3 is,however,a polymer without coordination with carbonyl group.The coordination mode of transition metals with the ligands is basically identical.All complexes exhibit distorted octahedral coordination,equatorially by four waters and axially by two nitrogen atoms or oxygen atoms from two ligands,with an inversion center located on the metal atom.Each pyridone is monodentate.There exist a number of intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds in the pyridone between carboxyl http://www.chinamagnets.biz and nitro groups of ligand and water molecules as well as between water molecules.Within the structures of complexes with 2 or 3,each molecule connects two othermolecules through its four coordinated water molecules to form tri-centered hydrogen bonds,which link the molecules into an infinite one-dimensional chain.The tri-centered hydrogen bonds are one donor with two proton acceptors.The single crystals of neodymium with 2 and 3 are obtained.To our interest,during coordination the ligand 3 was probably decomposed to oxalic acid.The neodymium center is coordinated with two monodentate ligands,two chelate oxalates to form a one-dimensional chain and linked by hydrogen bonds to form three-dimensional network.(3) The thermal decomposition behaviors of complexes have been performed by TG/DTG and DSC analyses in order to study their thermal stabilities.As is shown in the results,the complexes are inclined to dehydration at first stage and the temperatures of decomposition of all compounds at second stage are all above 200℃.Of the studied complexes,the complex of nickel with 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxypyridine shows the initial thermal decomposition temperature of 358℃and one exothermic peak at 368℃,with the heat release of 3409 J/g.Both the decomposition temperature and the heat release value are higher than those of the corresponding lead(Ⅱ) salts and indicated that the nickel(Ⅱ) compound could be a promising energetic catalyst in RDX-CMDB propellants.

新型金属膦酸盐的合成、结构和表征

　　新型金属膦酸盐的合成、结构和表征
　　Metal phosphonates are suitable to design inorganic–organic materials. The chemistry of metal phosphonates has been a research field of rapid expansion in recent years, mainly due to their potential application in the area of catalysis, ion exchange, proton conductivity, intercalation chemistry, photochemistry, and materials chemistry. Compared with the intensively studied phosphonates of the d-block transition metals, reports on strontium(II) phosphonate, barium(II) phosphonate and yttrium(III) phosphonate are still limited. Ball Neodymium Magnets In our current studies, we selected N, N’-piperazine-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H4Pbp), NaO3S-C2H4-PO3Et2 and m-HO3S-C6H4-PO3H2 (H3L) as the phosphonic acid ligand. By using hydrothermal method or introducing a second ligand, we afforded a novel strontium(II) phosphonate ([Sr(H2Pbp)(H2O)2]·3H2O) (1), a novel barium(II) phosphonate ([Ba2(O3SC2H4PO3H)2]) (2) and a novel yttrium(III) phosphonate metal phosphonate ([Y(L)(phen)(H2O)2]·2H2O) (3). And their syntheses, crystal structures, and characterization have been reported here.Based on our research work, we could draw the following conclusions: (a) Similar to the phosphonates of the d-block transition metals, the http://www.chinamagnets.biz use of bisfunctional or multifunctional anionic units and the use of two types of ligands also can be useful methods to build phosphonate open-frameworks of strontium, barium and yttrium metals. Although alkaline earth metal ions generally show weak coordination ability, but selecting a suitable ligand can also afford a stable metal phosphonate. (b) The introduction of hydrophilic group such as amino group or sulfonate group could greatly improve the solubility and crystallinity of metal phosphonates.

钒系催化剂在乙苯混合脱氢过程中的应用

　　钒系催化剂在乙苯混合脱氢过程中的应用
　　Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons is one of the challenges in the petroleum chemical industry, since it is often confined by the thermodynamic equilibrium. Styrene (ST) is one of the most important fundamental chemicals, which is used for the production of plastic, resin and synthetic rubber. The total output of styrene in the world is above 25 billion ton/a, and 90% of styrene is produced by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) in the presence of steam, a high-energy-consuming and equilibrium-limited process.Oxidative dehydrogenation of EB has attracted much attention since the discovery of certain catalysts for the reaction in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, a considerable decrease in styrene selectivity owing to deep oxidation of hydrocarbons to carbon oxide makes it unpractical in economical point of view. The dehydrogenation process for the neodymium magnets production of ST based on the selective oxidation of EB with the major global warming gas CO2, has aroused widespread interest recently for its lower energy consumption and higher equilibrium yield of styrene. The usage of CO2 instead of steam could provide several advantages such as reduction of the reaction temperature, remarkable energy saving in the distillation process of ST, restraining deactivation of catalysts to some degree, and so on. Numerous research works on this subject have been reported and the possibility of dehydrogenation of EB in the presence of CO2 instead of O2 has been acknowledged. Although the application of CO2 is very effective, the catalysts deactivation mechanism and suitable measures to enhance their catalytic stability must be further investigated.Reaction coupling is one of the best substitutes of the commercial dehydrogenation, which can solve such problems and has been studied extensively in recent years. The mechanism of CO2 oxidation is also discussed. It can be concluded that the remarkable promoting effect of CO2 on the dehydrogenation of EB is due to both redox cycle of oxide catalyst and coupling of EB with reversed water gas shift reaction.In the present work, V2O5/γ-Al2O3 (V/Al) catalysts with different V loading, with different promoters were prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were tested in the dehydrogenation of EB.
　　The main contents of this thesis are as follows:1. V/Al catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, the catalysts were used in mild oxidative dehydrogenation of EB to ST in presence of CO2. Effects of different catalysts on oxidative dehydrogenation were investigated, under reaction conditions: atmospheric pressure, 550℃, EB space velocity 20.4 mmol/g·cat·h. The results show that with increasing V loading the initial activity of V2O5/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO2 increases; whereas, the stability of these catalysts decreases. http://www.chinamagnets.biz V(8%wt.)/Al has the best activity for dehydrogenation of EB. The addition of O2 to the process improves the stability of the V/Al catalysts.2. The V/Al catalysts with different promoters were prepared by impregnation method. The results show that: alkali metal oxide and rare earth oxide were found being suitable promoters for V/Al catalysts. The V-Sb/Al catalyst affords the highest dehydrogenation activity, and good stability. The V(8%)Sb(9%)/Al catalyst has the highest ethylbenzene conversion and styrene selectivity. The initial activity of the catalysts in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene decreases by addition of O2, whereas, the stability of these catalysts increase.3. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physical adsorption. The active center of dehydrogenation is belived to be related with V5+. Catalyst deactivation is mainly caused by coke deposition, which results in the decrease of the BET surface and pore volume. The addition of promoters can increase the BET surface and lead to higher dispersion of the active species and adjust the surface acidity and basicity. The V1.1Sb0.9O4 phase was actually found to be the main component in the crystalline V-Sb bulk oxide system, this phase may be the active center of the V-Sb/Al catalysts. The addition of O2 to the process improves the stability of the catalysts due to suppressing the coke deposition and keeping the vanadium species high valence.

Ba6-3xLn8+2xTi18O54体系微波介质陶瓷研究

Ba6-3xLn8+2xTi18O54体系微波介质陶瓷研究
　　Ba6-3xLn8+2xTi18O54 (Ln=Sm, Nd, La, etc) solid solutions are the typical high-εmicrowave dielectrics, which have very important applications in microwave communication technology.The trend to miniaturization of microwave telecommunication intensively requires research and development of microwave dielectric neodymium magnets systems with high dielectric constant because the size of microwave resonance takes in inverse proportion to the square root of theεr. The aporia of the research is how to keep theτf no more than 1ppm/℃when the material has higherεr. The Q×f should be high as far as possible at the same time to make sure the electronic device is stabe and has low wastage.The influence of composition and technique on the microstructure and properties of Ba6-3xLn8+2xTi18O54 ceramics have been investigated. The Ba6-3xSm8+2xTi18O54 ceramics calcined at 1100℃, mixed with 25 mol% Nd2O3, sintered at 1320℃show good microwave dielectric properties ofε=79.42,τε=-57ppm/℃, Q×f=3240(1GHz).Moreover, the effects of http://www.chinamagnets.biz compostion, ionic substitution and process conditions upon the microwave dielectric properties, microstructure and phase constitution of BNT and BST ceramics were investigated in this thesis. The influence of impurity on the BNT ceramics was also discussed, especially for La and Y doped samples.

Study on Synthesis of Co/Styrene and Performance of Polyketone

Study on Synthesis of Co/Styrene and Performance of Polyketone
　　Polyketone was prepared by the copolymerization of carbon monoxide (CO) and styrene (ST) has good mechanical strength and excellent performance in other areas. But its expensive price of catalyst constrained progress of the research. In this paper we studied the use of the recycling with the polymer-supported catalyst, in order to effectively lower the cost of the experiment;In order to improve the machined performance of the polyketone—STCO , the third monomer was added into copolymerization system of CO and styrene.The crosslinked polymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was synthesized by suspension polymerization using acrylonitrile (ANT) Ball Neodymium Magnets and divinylbenzene (DVB). Effects of conditions on the polymerization of PAN particle size and stiffness were investigated. Polyketone was prepared by the copolymerization of carbon monoxide (CO) and styrene (ST) catalyzed by PAN resin-supported palladium acetate. The resin-supported catalyst and the copolymerization product were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Effects of components of catalytic system and reaction time on the catalytic activity were studied. The reusability of the resin-supported catalyst was also investigated. Results indicated that the resin-supported catalyst has catalytic property and the mostest yield of polyketone was 6.2348g.The crosslinked polymer polystyrene was synthesized by suspension polymerization using styrene and divinylbenzene and the polymer-based chelating nitrogen ligands was synthesized from the polystyrene.
　　Polyketone was prepared by the copolymerization of carbon monoxide (CO) and styrene (ST) catalyzed by polymer-based chelating nitrogen ligands resin-supported palladium acetate. The resin-supported catalyst and the copolymerization product were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Effects of components of catalytic system and reaction time on the catalytic activity were studied. The reusability of the resin-supported catalyst was also investigated. The resin-supported catalyst has catalytic property http://www.chinamagnets.biz when it had been used in 5th time. The yield of polyketone was 8.6606g when the amount of resin was 0.5g and the palladium acetate was 22.4mg. In order to improve the machined performance of the polyketone—STCO,the third monomer—methyl methacrylate was added into copolymerization system of CO and styrene. It was catalyzed by palladium acetate and rare earth multiplex catalyst system. The effect of amount of the third monomer—methyl methacrylate on the thermodynamics performance of the production was studied primary. The polymer was characterized by NMR、IR, DSC and TG. Result showed that the yield was the linear copolymer of carbon monoxide, styrene and methyl methacrylate. The machined performance was improved effectively after importing methyl methacrylate.

The Comprehensive Treatment of the Solid Waste Produced in the Course of Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Production

The Comprehensive Treatment of the Solid Waste Produced in the Course of Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Production
　　As the crude oil gets heavier and the process of residual oil catalytic cracking develops, the market calls for more super catalyst to fit the catalytic cracking process. A lot of solid and liquid materials are needed to produce the FCC. Such as: kaolinite、RECl 3、Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and so on. In Lanzhou petrochemical company Ball Neodymium Magnets catalyst factory, in the production process of FCC, some solid and liquid materials (especially the soluble silicon) are released into waste water system, which react with each other to form the suspension. The content of the suspension in the waste water reaches as high as 8000mg/L. The daily cumulating sludge is about 80t. As the environment-protection requirement from National Environment Department becomes more and more strict, the Lanzhou petrochemical company Catalyst factory located at the upper stream of the Yellow River, is only allowed to drain the waste water with lower suspension content than 100mg/l. In order to meet this draining requirement, we proposed this comprehensive treatment to purify the waste water with flocculation agent. After successive trial and improvement, the waste water with high suspension material from the catalyst factory is now stably drained under required standard.After adjustment for the process technology and and on the basis of some trials, we can recycle the soluble silicon material in the zeolite catalyst production process according to silicon recycling and concentrating methods .The recycle efficiency gets up to 60%. To fit the reuse of the soluble silicon, we adjust the zeolite catalyst production http://www.chinamagnets.biz  process to ensure the catalyst properties unchanged.In the disposal with flocculation agent, we mixed the different waste water with a lot of reusable soluble silicon from zeolite catalyst production process and with less solid waste from another process in order to precipitate all kinds of solid waste together by using flocculation agent. Finally, the whole solid materials in the catalyst production process are decreased to the biggest extent, and are allowed to drain with wastewater.We do not need to bury the solid waste materials containing Si and Al produced in the catalyst production process any longer, but use it as the raw materials of construction.

氧化铝模板辅助生长一维纳米线阵列及其电学性质研究

氧化铝模板辅助生长一维纳米线阵列及其电学性质研究
　　TCNQ(tetracyanoquinodimethane) is a kind of electron ecceptor,which can combined with various electron donors such as TTF,alkali metals,transition metals and rare earth metals,to form stable simple/complex charge-transfer complexes. Metal organic complexes(M-TCNQs) possess excellent photic/ electric/ magnetic properties.Due to the unique on-off properties,Cu-TCNQ and Ag-TCNQ are considered as ideal molectronics materials.On the other hand,the properties such as high aspect ratio,small aperture,transparency and isolation make porous anodic alumina become appropriate template for the synthesis of nanowire array.In this thesis,Special shape NdFeB magnets M-TCNQ nanowire array and copper nanowire array were synthesized in porous anodic alumina.The morphologies and structures were observed.
　　The properties of electronic bi-stable and field emission of M-TCNQ were also studied.Porous anodic alumina was prepared.Parameters in process that would affect the morphology and structure were studied.Oxalic acid was employed as electrolyte and anodic alumina template with channels whose diameters are 40-50 nm can be obtained under DC 40 V and 5℃.By modifying anodic voltage and lasting time, channel diameter and depth could be easily controlled.Ag-TCNQ and Cu-TCNQ were synthesized in different anodic alumina templates.Morphology observing shows M-TCNQ nanowires that synthesized by vacuum vapor induced reaction almost fill every channel in templates.XRD test approves that most Cu-TCNQ is in phaseⅠ.Then,proto-type based on Cu-TCNQ nanowire array was fabricated.The on-off ration of resistance reached 104 in electric test and transition is reproducible.The structure is applicable to industry,so it is promising to be served as http://www.999magnet.com information storage device.Field emission test on Cu-TCNQ nanowires without template showed a low threshold of 5.0 V/μm(when the current density reaches 10μA/cm~2).Overload voltage was also tested.The dependence of emission current density on the electric field follows Fowler-Nordheim relationship.These results indicate that Cu-TCNQ nanowires might be a promising candidate as organic cathode material in FE-based flat panel displays.Copper nanowire array was also synthesized in porous anodic alumina via AC electrodeposition.Almost every channel was filled and the diameters of copper nanowires are uniform.

Preparation and Study of Long Afterglow Silicate-based Phosphors

Preparation and Study of Long Afterglow Silicate-based Phosphors
　　In the recent years, rare earth luminescent materials attracted more interest due to their excellent properties such as stability, high–efficiency, high brightness, no radiation, excellent repeatability and environmental capability. In this study, long lasting phosphorescence silicates were synthesized by solid state reaction and sol-gel method, respectively. The structure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were discussed using activations modification and micro-analysis measure. Luminescent mechanism of the phosphor was simply discussed.A phosphor of Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ (blue-emitting) was synthesized successfully by solid state reaction and sol-gel method in a weak reducing atmosphere. The phosphor with the best luminescent properties was obtained Neodymium Magnets by changing the contents and ratio of activations, contents of H3BO3. And the decay characteristics of afterglows of the phosphors were investigated. Microstructure and luminescent properties of the phosphors were observed.
　　The results show that the phosphor via the solid state reaction has the phase of Sr2MgSi2O7 mainly and some SiO2 impurity; and it is formed by massive agglomerated particles; the main emission peak is at 469nm, its initial luminescent intensity reaches 1925mcd/m2 and persistence time lasts above 220min. Pure phased Sr2MgSi2O7 phosphor with special morphology structure can be obtained by sol-gel method. This“flower-like”structure is detected for the first time in Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped long lasting phosphorescence silicates. The phosphor via sol-gel method exhibited a better afterglow property than that of the phosphor obtained by the solid state reaction. Its main emission peak is at 465nm and initial luminescent intensity reaches 7230mcd/m2, persistence time lasts above 690min.A phosphor of CdSiO3:Sm3+ (orange-emitting) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The CdSiO3:Sm3+ phosphor with the best luminescent properties was obtained under 1000°C by changing the contents of activations, water and H3BO3. Microstructure and luminescent properties of the phosphor were investigated. The results show that the pure phosphor which is formed by massive http://www.999magnet.com agglomerated particles is observed. The emission spectrum of the phosphor exhibits a broadband centered at 445nm and three narrowband centered at 562, 598 and 643nm, and it would emit orange visible light after excited by UV. Its initial luminescent intensity reaches 601mcd/m2 and persistence time lasts above 200min.The luminescent mechanism: In Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ systems, the detailed mechanism can be explained by the hole-transfer mechanism, the nano-sized“flower-like”morphology can improve the luminescent properties. In CdSiO3:Sm3+ systems, luminescence is produced by the defects that is created by the inequivalent substitution of Sm3+ to Cd2+.

Trace Elements and Associated Ore in Handan-Xingtai Coalfield

Trace Elements and Associated Ore in Handan-Xingtai Coalfield
　　The study of the concentration, distribution and mode of occurrence of trace elements in coals is one of the hot-points in present day.This paper discusses the coal property, mineralogy, trace elements, and the relationship between the extractive and trace elements of the coal in Handan-Xingtai mining area. The samples were examined using coal analysis, fluorescence microscope (MVP—III), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), ICP-MS, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrography(GC-MS). Some of the author own opinions and new apprehend are expounded.Coal-bearing strata belong to Permo-carboniferous period. The main coals are bituminous coal, and there are some anthracite and carbonite. The grade of coal is very complex in this area. The high rank coal and the low rank coal distribute banded from west to east.The main lithotypes of coal are vitrain and clatrain, and the durain is very little. The bright coal and semibright coal are main Block Neodymium magnets marco lithotypes. The most part of maceral group is vitrinite, next is inertinite, and exinite is least and the modes of occurrences are stratiform, dispergated, filling in cell cavities and fractures.Compared with the concentrations of trace elements in coals of USA and China, the average concentrations of Be, Cr, Ga, Pb and Th are higher, and Zn, As, Se, Sb and Ge are lower, and Co, Ni and Cu are close in Han-xing coal mining areas. Base on the EF (Enrichment Factor), Li, Be, Ga, As, Se, Zr, Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, REE, Hf, W, Pb, Bi, Th, U and Au enriched in the study areas.The distributions of the trace elements are: the concentrations of them in the same coalbeds but in different mines are different, and in the same mines but in different coalbeds are also different.
　　Moreover, the concentrations change along with vertical in the same coalbeds, that is to say, they are higher in gangues, roof rocks and floor rocks than in coals. In addition, the concentrations in the coals nearby roof rocks are higher than those nearby floor rocks.The correlation coefficient between concentration of trace elements and percentage of shows that: Mo and Ni are significant negative correlations; W, Zn and Zr are moderate positive correlations, Co, Cd and Sn are moderate negative correlations; Sc, Be and Ba are low positive correlations, Se, Li, In and Gr are low negative correlations. Be, Cr, Cs, F, Ga, Li, Rb, Ti, V, Ni, Sc, Ti, and REE usually occur in clay minerals, Mn, Fe, Sr, Zn, Co and Ba may mainly occur in carbonate minerals, and Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, As, Sb, Se, Mo, Hg, Ag, Ge, Tl and Mn occur in sulphide minerals.The samples http://www.999magnet.com are lack of Eu (δEu<1) in rare earth elements (REE).The value of Th/U is higher in 2# coalbed (4.55) than 5# coalbed (3.35). The variation of w(Sr)/w(Ba) directs that the change of paleowater salinity can influence the distribution of the trace elements. The average concentration of Ga in the coals of 5# coalbed, Xingtai mine, is 32.07μg/g, and it is higher than industrial grade.The results of GC and GC-MS show that there is a negative correlation between the concentration of trace elements and the weight of extractives. The carbon preference index (CPI) and even preference (OEP), the value of Pr/C17 and Ph/C18 and methylphenanthrene index (MPI) indicate that the correlation between the concentration of trace elements and the maturity of organic matters is negative.The occurrences of trace elements in coal are complex. The characters of the terrigenous sediments controlled the concentration and distribution of trace elements. The variation of depositional environment caused the differences of concentration and distribution in the same coalbed but in different areas and horizons.

无铅焊料Sn-Zn-xLa的制备及研究

无铅焊料Sn-Zn-xLa的制备及研究
　　Because of the lead and lead contained compounds’ toxicity to human body and the environment. Many countrys which are including America,Japan and EU,etc have legislate to forbid lead used in microelectrical industry. So solders without lead have become the tendency of the electronic packaging’s correlated welding.At present, most of the lead-free solders are Sn-based binary or ternary alloys with adding non-toxic and non-volatile elements, such as Ag,Zn, Cu, Bi and so on. It’s proved that Sn-Ag ,Sn-Cu and Sn-Zn have the most outstanding Special shape NdFeB magnets characteristicand the most optimistic foreground in the mass.Here Sn-Zn was chosen as research object because of its good performance and low cost. Sn-9Zn alloy added different La contents (0. 1%～0. 5%) were prepared by powder metallurgy. The melting characteristic , microstructure and wettability ,shear strength on Cu substrate and forming and growing of IMC were researched carefully via analysis of SEM,XRD,DTA,etc.It was found that powder metallurgy is feasible process as a means to prepare lead-free solder especially in Lab which is simple and convenient ,low lost and can restrain solder to oxidate. Additional La would improve many characteristic,such as refining http://www.999magnet.com microstructure,better melting speciality and wettability.In the other hand,it will decrease shear strength appreciably.And we found that Sn-Zn-0.3La will be the best one in the series of Sn-Zn-xLa because of better perfomance,and it has considerable foreground to apply.

The Study of Adsorption of Arsenate and Arsenite by Hydrous Ceric Oxide in Aquatic Conditions

The Study of Adsorption of Arsenate and Arsenite by Hydrous Ceric Oxide in Aquatic Conditions
　　In view of taking full advantage of rare earth materials and development and utilization of high effective arsenic adsorption material,this research had studied the adsorption/desorption of arsenate and arsenite onto hydrous ceric oxide(HCO).And the adsorption mechanisms were also investigated.It was found that the adsorption capacity of HCO absorbent was constant around a value of 110mg/L over a wide pH range(4.0～9.0).The arsenite was better adsorbed in slight basic medium while arsenate was favorably adsorbed in an acidic pH range. The kinetics of arsenic adsorption Cube neodymium magnet by HCO involved an initial fast adsorption process followed by a slower uptake process as time progresses.The adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm and its linearized form well.The thermodynamic data revealed that the adsorption was a spontaneous,endothermic and entropy increasing process.
　　The standard enthalpy changes(△H~0) for arsenate and arsenite were 22.02 and 20.42kJ/mol,respectively.The adsorption capacity of arsenate and arsenite did not increase much along with the minishing particle diameter of HCO.And the effect of coexist ions in water were tiny to the adsorption capacity.The TCLP results showed that the spent material was suitable for discharge in landfill deposits.We chose NaOH solution to desorption the arsenic http://www.chinamagnets.biz and the best qualification was 50mL 2mol/L of NaOH solution.Both the arsenate and arsenite had their maximum desorption capacity in one hour.Regeneration experiment of HCO powder indicated that the HCO adsorbent was feasible for using repeatedly.The breakthrough volumes for As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) are 180BV and 140BV.The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the characteristic adsorption made a very important effect during the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) by HCO,and the substitution of Ce-OH groups made a very important effect during the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) by HCO.

The Study of Akebasitao Granite Body in Xizhungaer, Xinjinag

The Study of Akebasitao Granite Body in Xizhungaer, Xinjinag
　　This dissertation is object on the Akebasitao granite rock of Lower carboniferous in Zhayier mountain area in Xizhungaer, have systemic research to this granite body by field character, petrology, the type of rock association ,lithogeochemistry , tectonic environment and connection with ore-forming et al,the abstract of the dissertation as follows:1.According to the view of comagmatic evolve series,and the character of petrology,petrochemistry,geochemistry et al, Akebasitao granite rock can be plot one series, it be made up of granodiorite,syenogranite and adamellite from early to late , it′s age is Lower carboniferous.2.The contact connection of Akebasitao series and surrounding Block neodymium magnet rock is intrusive contact, the contact connection of every type rock is pulsation.3.We have collected a age sample of Zircon U-Pb in adamellite which located in center of Akebasitao series at this work, it′s age is 296Ma , Akebasitao series age is Lower carboniferous from analyse prevenient date and this date .4.SiO2 is 74.51%～78.39% of Akebasitao series , and Al2O3 is 11.8～13.33% , Na2O+ K2O is 7.87～8.53% , Akebasitao series is alkaline rock。So the character of Akebasitao series is high Si , high alkali and lower
　　Al , the rocks have not alkali dark mineral , majority feldspar mineral are alkali feldspar , majority dark mineral are hornblende and biotite , Akebasitao series have character of A-type granite.5.Akebasitao series enrich big ion lithophile , for example , K2O、Rb、Th et al. Y/Nb is 5.40-8.66,all of them are higher than 1.2 , the Eu of REE element is strongly lack ,δEu is 0.038~0.130 , all of them are about 0.1 , the diagram of REE distriibution patterns is clear“V”type , all of these character as same as typical A-type granite of Al type.6. Akebasitao series be formed at post- orogeny tectonic environment with force of compression.It is a symbol that the orogeny was finish, The stress began translate into tensile.7.Alkali granite magma of Akebasitao series be formed partial melting of original rocks which be effected by upper mantle matter(basaltic magma);the magma which be formed of http://www.chinamagnets.biz
 partial melting be extracted from original source by compaction and migrate to reservoir which be provided by Daerbute deep fracture;the main combination was slice convection combination of crust and mantle at process of magma formed, plagioclase was the main fractional mineral at magmate process ,so the Eu of the alkali granite is clear negativeanomaly ;there are 3 time main differentiation after magma be formed, so produced granodiorite,syenogranite and adamellite from early to late.8.The background value of Sn、Pb et al elements of Akebasitao series is higher than surrounding rocks and average value of crust,the diagram of relationship between the petrochemical of granites and the types of mineralization shows that the Akebasitao series has relationship with Sn mineralization,so we should search for Sn、Pb minerals at native area in the future.

Fabrication and Properties of Silicon Nitride Bonded Silicon Carbide by Reaction Sintering

Fabrication and Properties of Silicon Nitride Bonded Silicon Carbide by Reaction Sintering
　　Reaction sintering was applied into fabrication of silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide because of simple prinicple, controlled process parameters and perfect sample dimenison precission, etc. However, its industrial application was hindered by long reaction Ball Neodymium Magnets period and low effecience. There is a way to accelerate reaction speed and improve densification behavior and mechanical performance by adding additives. In this thesis, silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide was prepared by "stage-temperature" reaction sintering when SiC powder, Si powder as raw materials, and ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3 as sintering additives, and Al,α-Si3N4 as inducer. Archimedes’ method was applied to analyze sintering properties, including bulk density, apparent porosity and hygroscopic coefficient. Flexural strength was evaluated by three-point bending test. Thermal shock resistance was obtained by water quenching method. Phases of reaction products and fracture microstrcture were determinded by XRD and SEM.Sample with coarse SiC powder and more additives has the better combination properities through orthogonal design experiment. Densification and flexural strength was deteriorated when particle size of SiC decreased because more liquid phase easily leads to block http://www.chinamagnets.biz diffusion of nitrogen. The most appreciate final sintering temperature was obtained by process experiment. Densification and flexural strenghth are fitted to parabola model as sintering temperature increased. The most appreciated amount of mixed rare-earth oxidation was determinded by additives experiment. As a result, adding more additives simply can’t improve densification and mechanical performance. Finally, the sintering mechanism of silicon nitride was explored by XRD and SEM, which is solution- reprecipitation mechanism.

Application of Ionic Liquid in Extraction and Separation of Metal

Application of Ionic Liquid in Extraction and Separation of Metal
　　Room temperature ionic liquid (IL) is a kind of novel green solvent. Their non-inflammability and non-volatility provided advantages for using them as a replacement to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solvent extraction processes. Moreover, the higher extraction efficiency of metal ions in some IL-based extraction system brought them more attention . Recently, extraction has become a key field for applying IL in analytical chemistry . In this dissertation, the following techniques were developed in application of IL extracting and separating metal ions.One part is preparing Chitin(chitosan) /Cellulose biosorbent using Ionic Liquids for Ni( II) adsorption,the other part is neodymium magnets impregnating the XAD-7 resin with Cyanex923/[C8mim][PF6] to extract rare earths(RE).This article get a kind of environment-friendly biosorbents by a more "green"preparation process-the chitin(chitosan)/cellulose biosorbents are prepared by ionic liquid dissolution and regeneration process. Chitin(chitosan) and cellulose are dissolved by using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([C4inim]Cl) as a solvent under microwave to produce hydrit biosorbent. By this means, the disadvantage of chitin and chitosan for adsorption could be effectively overcomed. The results of applying them for Ni(II) adsorption proved well validity of the biosorbents for adsorbing heavy metal ions. Among the prepared biosorbents, freeze-drying chitosan/cellulose biosorbent was indicated to possess higher adsorption capacity together with better stability. Satisfactory performance of the biosorbent could be attributed to its microstructure created by chitosan and cellulose as the SEM revealed. Interaction of the two components and the resulting material’s adsorption ability to Ni(II) were confirmed by IR and XPS. Isotherms and desorption further validated the conclusion mentioned.
　　Operational parameters such as pH,agitation time,adsorbent concentration,temperature and initial ion concentration were also studied.The chitin(chitosan)/cellulose biosorbents studied in this paper have the following advantages that make it particularly attractive to be used for heavy metal ions adsorption in environment. Firstly, raw materials of the biosorbents are the most abundant biopolymer in nature. Secondly, preparation of the biosorbents by IL was an environment-friendly process with no acid, base or volatile organic solvent was used, and the IL used could be recovery and reused. Moreover, IL could take part in a temple effect for producing porous networks. Thirdly, http://www.chinamagnets.biz
 Since no cross-linking agent or blending polymer was used, the biosorbents could be biodegradable. Thus, application of the biosorbents for adsorbing heavy metal ion in wastewater was a green process without secondary pollution.A kind of solvent (ionic liquid) impreganated resin (IL-SIR) was developed herein for ameliorating imidazolium-type IL-based liquid-liquid extraction of metal ions. In this study, [Cgmim][PF6] containing Cyanex 923 was immobilized on XAD-7 resin for solid-liquid extraction of rare earth (RE). The Solid/Liquid Extraction is a kind of separation mode by using RTIL-based solvent impregnated resins (SIR), which were prepared directly by impregnating the XAD-7 resin with Cyanex923/[C8mim][PF6], consequently, forming a liquid film on the resin. The method can reduce the equilibrium time effectively (shortening equilibrium time from 40 min to 20 min), enhance the extraction efficiency (increasing extraction efficiency from 29% to 80%) , without increasing the loss of [C8mim][PF6]. With a homogeneous IL film containing extractant on surface, the novel IL-SIR contributed to increasing contact area of IL phase with aqueous phase, reducing dosage of Cyanex 923/[C8mim][PF6], ameliorating physic phenomena- emulsification and phase-separating during extraction process. In additional, temperature had less effect on the solid-liquid extraction, adsorption capacity of IL-SIR to Sc(III) was higher than that to Y(III).