云南巧家松梁铅锌矿床地质特征及构造地球化学异常模式

云南巧家松梁铅锌矿床地质特征及构造地球化学异常模式
　　The Songliang Zn-Pb deposit occurs in Dengying Formation(Sinian)which is located in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou lead-zinc mineralization district,and is under control of fault strictly.Based on a study of the geological characteristics of Songliang lead-zinc deposit,this article has primarily researched the geochemical characteristics and primary halo of tectonite and so on.The cluster analyses of trace elements in dolomite and tectonite show that the associations of elements are in concordant with the geological significance that it represents.The ore-forming fluid which is rich in rare earth magnets Zn,Cd,Ga,Cu and poor in Pb,Ge, In,lays a foundation of the ore-forming and the enrichment of dispersed elements with the dolomite.The source of ore-forming material of tectonite is the same,resulting from that the REE chondrite normatization model is the same and with a small range of their parameters.
　　But the REE chondrite normalization model of dolomite is completely different from that of tectonite,which indicates that the material of ore-forming does not completely originate from dolomite.The result of factor analysis of R type about tectonite in F5 Fault also shows that the material of ore-forming such as Zn and Pb is partly from hydrothermal fluid.The analysis of geochemical characteristics of tectonite shows that:The direction of ore-forming fluid is from south to north,and it may experience superimposition of multiple ore-forming stages;The baritezation is closely linked with the Pb-Zn mineralization and that is the main indicators of prospecting.The axial zonal elemental sequence:Li-P-Cu-Ba-Cd-Ga-Zn-V-Ag-Mn-Ge-In~2→U-Sn-Th-Be-∑REE-Pb-Bi→Cs-In-Ta-Tl-Ti-Co-Nb-Mo-W-Li~2-V~2→Zr-Ni-Sr-Rb-Hf-Cr-Cs~2-∑REE~2,primary halo in the Songliang lead http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ and zinc deposit is concluded,which indicates that the structure of primary halo is complex,the No.1 body may be superposed by many intermittent orebody,and the ore-forming process may experience more than one Stage of mineralization.The analyses also forecast that the No.1 body may has a good extend and there may exist concealed orebody in the deep of No.1 body.

锌基无结晶镀层力学性能与破损腐蚀机理研究

锌基无结晶镀层力学性能与破损腐蚀机理研究
　　None-crystallize coating technology is a new way to formation of the coating.It doesn’t pollute the environment. This technology has wide market prospect.Mechanical plating is a typical example of none-crystallize coating technology.In recent years Mechanical plating has obtationed widely society accreditation and its process and production conditions have been continuously improved.Users pay more attention to all aspects of the plating’s performance. So it is necessary to deeply analysis various performance of the plating, enabling users to have a more deeply understanding of Mechanical plating.The paper is mainly study of Mechanical Properties, anti- impact properties and the corrosion mechanism after the plating was damaged.The coating’s hardness is researched by using Micro-hardness Test and surface Rockwell hardness Test. The feasibility of practical application of the two methods was discussed, and then the effects on the hardness of the coating of the coating’s thickness, composition and other factors were also investigated.The results showed that the coating’s rare earth magnets Micro-hardness was impacted by the sample and the detection of regional and The results can not accurately reflect the coating’s hardness. Using surface Rockwell hardness Test could eliminated of these affectings.The results of Rockwell Superficial Hardness Test could reflected the coating’s hardness. The coating’s hardness was mainly affected by its density. The more dense coating was, the higher the hardness was.Used the most popular mechanical plating adhesive strength detection methods (frame, bending) and self-designed method for testing, and then factors which impacted coating adhesive strength was investigated. The results showed that: the traditional methods of testing the coating adhesive strength can only did a simple qualitative analysis, but the stretching method could be a combination of quantitative measurement of coating strength.
　　When the combination of the coating and substrate the coating was broken, it was binding failure.The result showed that the combination of the coating and substrate was less than the combination of zinc powder particles cohesion, the principal factors which influenced Coating adhesive strength were Mechanical plating process conditions, the coating s composition and thickness. The coating’s adhesive strength of adding less Sn salt plating process is strength than "flash copper" plating process.With the combination of coating’s thickness increased its strength was gradually declined.The painting Film impact tester was used for analysis the failure form of http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Mechanical plating in the transport machinery and impact loading. A mathematical model was created and then compared the model with the experimental results. It showed that the Mechanical plating’s anti-impact capacity is mainly affected by the deformation of zinc powder and deformation ability of the particles. The coating’s compositions had a little effect on this ability.The paper also studied the corrosion mechanism of damaged coating. The coating’s uneven electrochemical formed many of the activity - blunt -corrosion batteries and zinc particles was the sacrificial anode corrosion. The Galvanic corrosion was formed between the substrate and the coating when the coating was damaged. The coating could be effective protected against corrosion in the effective protection area of the coating. The addition of appropriate RE elements could be purification internal coating. The surfactant point is reduced and the corrosion resistance of the coating was improved. The corrosion resistance of the coating is enhanced when appropriate Aluminum was joined to the coating. But a cross -cutting excessive porosity would be formed when too many Aluminum was joined, and the coating’s corrosion resistance would be reduced.

Study on Recycled PET Modified by Increasing Its Viscosity and Prepared to be Engineering Plastics

Study on Recycled PET Modified by Increasing Its Viscosity and Prepared to be Engineering Plastics
　　Polyethylene terephthalate mainly used for fiber production, and PET in the field of application of non-fiber is manufactured beverages, food containers and packaging films, especially the production of beverage bottles are greatly developed in recent years. Almost all the bottles are prepared by the PET resin from its consumption to 10% per annum rate of rapid growth. At the same time, it has brought white pollution generated by PET waste bottles. The percentage of recyceled PET bottle films "escalation of use" for the high-performance engineering plastics is only about 8.4 percent. PET bottle recycling research and development of the re-use of new technologies, prepared by high-performance, low-cost rPET engineering plastics is conducive to the comprehensive strong magnets utilization of resources and reduce environmental pollution; while for the technology itself, it can open up new economic growth Points. The main research and the results are as follows:(1) This thesis studied that recycled PET was modified with pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA) to achieve a chain extension which was characterized by intrinsic viscosity and carboxyl value.
　　The thermal and crystallizing behavior was studied by DSC. The results showed that Pyromellitic dianhydride has a good chain extension, and when the content of PMDA is 1.25%, intrinsic viscosity of rPET is 0.813dL/g , which has reached the using request of engineering plastics; and also has an effect on crystallizing behavior of PET.(2) The thesis studied PC was modified by rPET and its blending alloy. Polyolefin elastomer ethylene - methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) is used to toughen and compatibilize the PC/rPET alloy. When the content of E-MA-GMA is 7.5%, the blend changes in brittle-ductile, notched impact strength and tensile strength were 58.76kJ/m2 and 52.40 MPa, showing high-strength toughness. When the content of elastomer increases to 15%, the tensile strength dropped to 44.74MPa. SEM study found, E-MA-GMA as the reaction of compatibilizer, dispersed PET particles thinner. With the content of E-MA-GMA increasing, http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ PET in the PC/PET/E-MA-GMA blends shows a very irregular structure similar to strip or flake.(3) The thesis studied the mechanical properties and thermal properties of rPET composite material which was modified by glass fiber and nucleating agent. First of all, the test inspected the effect of the contents of glass fiber on the composite material’s mechanical properties, thermal properties and crystallizing behavior. Then a rare earth-like of nucleating agent is used to improve the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite material. Study found that the higher glass fiber content, the mechanical properties and thermal performance have greatly improved, andΔTmc is lower, the promotional effect for the crystallizing behavior of rPET is more obvious. Adding nucleating agents, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material have a further increase, but the increase of thermal performance is greater than the mechanical properties’. SEM studying found that adding nuclearing agents, the interface between glass fiber and resin matrix becomes better, and glass fibres pulled out by the fracture changed the smooth surface into a significant fixtures.

Causes of Mineralogy Researching in Songshugou Copper Deposit in Xinjiang’s Tianshan Mountain West

Causes of Mineralogy Researching in Songshugou Copper Deposit in Xinjiang’s Tianshan Mountain West
　　The Songshugou copper deposit is situated in the tectonic belt of Yuximologaidaban , Balatao NW, SE in area, which belongs to the east postpone part of Iron and copper mineralization belt. Owing to the mining area NNE direction fracture is to control the structure that mineral deposit forms mainly, Together with permian granitic porphyry controls the output of Songshugou copper deposit.Based on study on geological background of the copper deposit, geological Neodymium Magnets characteristics of orebody, surrounding rock alteration, ore type, and mineral paragenesis combination, this paper has partitioned the mineralization periods, phases and forming order of mineral, and also done a contrast research on trace element and REE of typomorphic pyrite, chemical composition of chlorite and crystal-chemical characteristics, fluid inclusions feature in quartz through using modern testing methods.According to mineralization periods and intergrowth combination relations, pyrite can be divided into three generations.
　　The analysis results of Pyrite’s main trace elements show that the Pyrites in this ore district is attributed to hydrothermal genesis type. The Maldistribution of REE in Pyrite manifests the loss of Eu and Ce. The testing result of sulphur isotope is close to the recognized upper mantle range, and indicates that the sulphur of mineral perhaps is derived from magma.The chlorite, with a wide distribution range, is the main alteration mineral of this copper deposit. According to its producing characteristic and colacobisis combination relation, chlorite can be divided into two types, one is metasomatic type, the other is filling vein type. The chlorite of the metasomatic feldspathic type is relevant to mineralization, with lower content of icon and atomicity of Fe ranging from 1.476 to 1.639 in http://www.999magnet.com/ crystal chemical formula. While the chlorite of veil type bear higher icon content and atomicity of Fe ranging from 1.879 to 2.143. The obvious difference of icon contents in this ore district can be regarded as the typomorphic peculiarity for searching for copper mineralization. The forming temperature of chlorite is calculated to be from 288℃to 324℃.Research on fluid inclusions in quartz of this ore district indicates the two main types, which is gas-liquid inclusions and multiphase inclusions with daughter mineral,the former inclusions shapes look like circle granular, granular and irregular, while the latter look like round and irregular. Homogeneous temperature of the inclusions varies ranging from 106～345℃, salinity (NaCl) varies from 5.41 to 42.04 wt %, fluid density value is from 0.75 to 1.15g/m-3, the range of ore-forming pressure is estimated to be from 30 to 91Mpa, ore-forming depth is 996-3049M.

The Influence of Alloying Element on 306 Al Alloy under the Condition of Vacuum and Melt Overheating Treatment

The Influence of Alloying Element on 306 Al Alloy under the Condition of Vacuum and Melt Overheating Treatment
　　The 306 alloy are one kind of aluminium - silicon - nickel alloy, this alloy has low absorption cross section of thermal neutron, high anti-high lukewarm water corrosion property, high tensile strength in both room-temperature and high temperature environment, good press-working characteristics and so on. It is a proper jacketing material for tube and plate element in the water-cooled reactor.The first step of this experiment is carrying on melt overheated processing of Al-11Si-1.1Ni-1.5Fe alloy, taking the tensile strength and the elongation ratio under heat treatment condition as the standard, selecting the superheating temperature that can obtain outstanding combination Block Neodymium magnets performance, thus determine the melt overheated smelting craft of this alloy. During the experiment, through changing the contents of Ni, Fe and the LPC misch metal element, study the changing elements content how to influence 306 alloy characteristics. Finally, through adding different trace elements (Mg, Ti, Zr, RE) in the Al-11Si-1.1Ni-0.2Fe alloy, observe the trace element how to influence the 306 alloy mechanical properties and Microstructure.
　　The author adopt the methods such as melt overheated processing、flash set, facilities such as optics metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope, analysis methods such as energy spectrum analysis and fracture analysis, to system research the influences that different element and different ingredient content impose on 306 alloy. The influence factors include melt structure, processing temperature of melt, Ni, Fe and trace element. The author closely studiesthe influences to 306A1 alloy coagulation organization and mechanical properties.On the bases of experiment and theoretical analysis, the author achieved thefollowing conclusions:(1) Carrying on melt overheated processing to the alloy under 1050℃, the Al-11Si-l.lNi-1.5Fe alloy will obtain the best combination performance, phase Si becomes spheroidization, phase Fe becomes remarkable refinement. The fracture section of tensile specimen is typically brittle failure appearance. (2)By changing the Ni content http://www.999magnet.com/ of the alloy, the author discovered that with Ni content’s increasing, the alloy room-temperature tensile strength increases, the elongation ratio reduces.(3) By changing the Fe content of the alloy, the author discovered that with Fecontent’s increasing, both the alloy-room temperature tensile strength and the elongation ratio also reduces.(4) Adding grains refining elements such as Ti, Zr, Mg, RE to the alloy separatelyor together, the achieved mechanical properties and the metallographic analysis showed that except the Mg element, other elements had little influence on the alloy. This is because formation Mg2Si disperse distribution under the heat treated condition, thus enhances the alloy mechanical properties remarkably.(5) Adding the LPC misch metal to the Al-11Si-1.1Ni-1.5Fe alloy, the authordiscovered when the RE content is 0.43%, the alloy mechanical properties are high, and the Microstructure is fine.

The Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Granitoids from Southwestern Gangdese Belt, Tibet

The Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Granitoids from Southwestern Gangdese Belt, Tibet
　　In the southern Tibet Plateau, Gangdese belt bounded by the Indus-Yarlung Zangpo suture zone (IYSZ) in the south and the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone in the north, is a huge tectonic - magmatic belt, which includes 80 % area of granoitoid within Tibet. The Gangdese betholith which parallel to the IYSZ, is divided into three subzones (north, middle and south, from north to south). They represent the magmatism corresponding to the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust pre- and synchronous to the India-Asia collision. On the basis of recently finished 1: 250000 regional geological mapping work, six granitic intrusives, including Sewazhahai-Zhaqiongle and Kezha in the middle of the Gangdese Magmatic Belt; Gaer, Shiquanhe west, Gaerbuda and Gangrenboqi in Special shape NdFeB magnets  the south of the GMB, were studied in this thesis. A systematic study, including petrology, mineral chemistry, major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry, were involved in discover the petrogenesis of the batholiths.
　　The rocks are composed of syenogranite, monzogranite, quartz monzonite, quartz monzodiorite, alkali feldspar syenite, syenite, monzonite, monzodiorite and granophyre. The rocks are granitic texture, porphyritic structure, block structure. The main minerals are quartz, grid twinning potassium feldspar, perthite, plagioclase (An: 12~68), amphibole, biotite and aggregates of Am and Bi. The results of electron probe prove that plagioclase, amphibole and biotite have the geochemical characteristics of mixing crust and mantle. SHIRIMP U-Pb daing resoults show that the granitold for the middle parts range from 121.7 Ma to 107 Ma, while the ones from the south parts ranges from 80.3 Ma to 42.5 Ma.The south intrusives of the Gangdese magmatic belt have lower SiO2、CaO、Al2O3, higher alkali then the middles. In the Hark plots, there are obvious linear correlations between SiO2 and other main elements, indicating a magma-mixing processes. Further, the granitoid in the south belt, have higherΣREE, stronger fractionation degree in LREE then the middles. The rocks have negative Eu anomaly, enriched in Th, K, Pb and Nd, and negative anomaly of Ba, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. The intrusives http://www.999magnet.com/
 mainly formed in VAG and COLG tectonic settings. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions (εNd(t)= +2~ -8, 87Sr/86Sr(t)= 0.704460 ~ 0.715147) suggest that the source regions of the granitolid in the study area are composed of mantle component. Comparing to the batholith in the central Gendese (such as Quxu betholith), the rocks from this work have very similar age and geochemical features with those of the middle Gangdese, impling the granitoids in the south of Gangdese which relate to collision between India and Asia are homogeneous along a more than 1000 km west-east extension in the southern Gangdese. The Pb composition in this work are significant higher than that in the central parts, suggesting that the basement in the western parts have added to the source region, while in the central parts, much high percentage of mantle component or juvenal arc-accretion crustal materials have played a very important role in the granites.

Preparation, Characterization and Electromagnetic Loss Properties of Polymer-Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposites

Preparation, Characterization and Electromagnetic Loss Properties of Polymer-Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposites
　　Magnetic nanocomposites can be controlled and tailored to provide the desired mechanical, physical, chemical, and biomedical properties depending on the final applications. Magnetic polymer nanocomposites are obtained as the magnetic nanoparticles are embedded in polymer matrix. since they combine the advantages of the inorganic materials (mechanical strength, good chemical resistance and thermal stability, etc.) and the organic polymers (flexibility, dielectric, ductility and good processibility, etc.), the nanocomposites represent as a class of functional materials. The coating of ferrite nanoparticles with polymers affords the possibility of minimizing Alnico magnets agglomeration in large-scale commercial synthesis of nanocomposite materials. The nano-size spinel ferrite is an excellent absorbing material for electromagnetic wave using for electromagnetic interference (EMI) and shielding because of its characteristic electromagnetic loss properties. Based on the aim above, we combine the nano-size spinel ferrite with different kinds of polymers, such as polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and polyaniline, to improve electromagnetic loss properties of the compound materials for more broad application in the present paper. In the paper, the main investigation content is showed as follow:The nano-size NiZnCu-ferrite and NiZnCr-ferrite doped with different content of La are synthesized by the citrate precursor sol-gel method; polyacrylate/NiZnCu-ferrite, polyacrylamide/NiZnCu-ferrite and polyaniline/polyacrylamide/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposites are prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization of monomers in the presence of NiZnCu-ferrite colloid.The microstructure of the nano-size NiZnCr-ferrite doped with different content of La is characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
　　The results show that the rare earth La can restrain the growth of the nano-size ferrite. Meanwhile, the results of Impendence/Materials analyzer in the 1 MHz～1 GHz ranges show that the La weaken the ability of electromagnetic loss for the magnetic materials; In addition, the ability of electromagnetic loss for NiZnCu-ferrite improves obviously compared with NiZnCr-ferrite, so the NiZnCu-ferrite is chosen as the magnetic particle in the nanocomposites.The microstructure, micromorphology and thermal stability of all the nanocomposites are characterized by Fourier http://www.999magnet.com/
 transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), XRD, TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results of XRD and FT-IR indicate the formation of nanocomposites. That the thermal stability of nanocomposites has been improved is revealed by TGA. The images of TEM and SEM show that the magnetic particles are dispersed homogeneously in the continuous polymer matrix.The electromagnetic loss properties of PAA/NiZnCu-ferrite, PAM/NiZnCu-ferrite and PANI/PAM/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposites are measured by the Impendence/Materials analyzer in the 1 MHz-1 GHz ranges. The results show that the magnetic loss is dominant for PAA/NiZnCu-ferrite and PAM/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposites, and the ability of magnetic loss improves with the content of magnetic particles increase. Compared PAA/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposite with PAM/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposite under the same condition, the later can incorporate more ferrite and the coating effect is better than the former obviously; The PANI/PAM/NiZnCu-ferrite nanocomposite not only hold the excellent magnetic loss properties, but also improve the electronic http://www.999magnet.com/
 loss properties obviously. And the ability of electronic loss increases with the PANI content.

Heterogeneous Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation for the Treatment of Phenol Wastewater

Heterogeneous Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation for the Treatment of Phenol Wastewater
　　In this research program we added Ce and La as promoter to MnO2/γ-Al2O3 and made Mn, Ce and La compound catalysts, and we uses phenol simulation wastewater as catalytic wet air oxidation target. The new catalysts MnO2–CeO2–La2O3/γ-Al2O3 shows a good effect on CODCr removing. The catalyst preparation method is impregnation and we adopted commercialγ-Al2O3 balls as supporter. SEM and XRD were used to explain the good effect of catalyst which has a good CODCr removal rate to our target simulation wastewater. At the same time we Magnetic lifter discussed the optimum preparation conditions for catalyst. At the last, the working conditions including influent pH, stirring rate and catalyst dosage were taken into consideration to get a optimum working conditions when use the CWAO process. We especially discussed the influence of influent pH to the CODCr removal rate of CWAO reaction.The effect of promoter addition on activity of MnO2/γ-Al2O3 was assessed via the CWAO of phenol. MnO2/γ-Al2O3, MnO2–CeO2/γ-Al2O3, MnO2–La2O3/γ-Al2O3 and MnO2–CeO2–La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, prepared by impregnation ofγ-Al2O3 with aqueous solution containing Mn, La and Ce were used to study the influence of CeO2 and La2O3 on the structure and activity of MnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol. The surface http://www.999magnet.com/ properties of these catalysts were measured by XRD. A better dispersion of Mn particles was detected in the presence of CeO2 and La2O3 before the impregnation of MnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The experiment results show that the addition of CeO2 and La2O3 affects the chemical state of Mn and O elements and promotes the increase of the chemisorbed oxygen contents on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the removal of phenol with MnO2–CeO2–La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is more complete than with MnO2/γ-Al2O3, MnO2–CeO2/γ-Al2O3 and MnO2–La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

The Study on Catalytic Combustion Properties of Methane over Double Perovskite Catalysts

The Study on Catalytic Combustion Properties of Methane over Double Perovskite Catalysts
　　A series of double perovskite catalysts Sr2B’B"O6(B’=Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cr, B"=Mo、W) were prepared by sol-gel method with citric acid as complex agent. Theproperities and structure of catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, BET, XPS,Electrical conductivity Test. Catalytic activities in methane catalytic combustion ofcatalysts were investigated.The rare earth magnets results showed that main-phase double perovskites could be preparedefficiently by sol-gel method at the temperature 1100℃in H25%/N295%mixedatmosphere concluding single-phase double perovskites Sr2FeMoO6、Sr2MnMoO6、Sr2FeWO6、Sr2CoWO6、Sr2NiWO6. La and Ce doped double perovskites oxides Sr2-xLaxMnMoO6 (x=0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10)and Sr2-xCexMnMoO6(x=0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10)wereprepared by the same method. It indicated that an optimal quantity of La dopingdouble perovskite oxide catalysts Sr2MnMoO6 can improve its http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ catalytic activitysignificantly and Ce doping double perovskite oxide catalysts Sr2MnMoO6 wasdisadvantage for its activity. When X≤0.08, it is advantage for forming single-phasedouble perovskite Sr2-xLaxMnMoO6, and when X≤0.06 it is good for formingsingle-phase double perovskite Sr2-xCexMnMoO6.

Study of Infrared Spectrum in Perovskite Manganites

Study of Infrared Spectrum in Perovskite Manganites La1-x-yRxCayMnO3
　　Since the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance effect (CMR) in perovskites manganites, it has sparked considerable renewed interests in these long-known materials with an eye towards both an understanding of the CMR and related properties and potential applications in magnetic information store and low-field magnetic sensors. Beside the CMR effect, these materials also exhibit intriguing physical properties such as insulator-metal and structure transition induced by applied magnetic-field or photo radiation, charge ordering, orbital ordering, and phase separation etc. The full understanding of these properties will definitely stimulate the progress of condensed matter physics. Infrared spectroscopy is certainly one of the most important analytical techniques available to today’s scientists. One of the great advantages of infrared spectroscopy is that Cylinder neodymium magnet virtually any sample in virtually any state may be studied. Liquids, solutions, pastes, powders, films, fibres, gases and surfaces can all be examined with a judicious choice of sampling technique. The application of Infrared spectroscopy in perovskites manganites is still in a initial stage, a lot of work need to be done.In this thesis, the author devoted his effort to the study of IR property in CMR oxides La1-x-yRxCayMnO3(R=Pr,Y,Ho), and the stretching mode abortion peaks for these perovskites manganites have been investigated systematically. The main results are generalized as follows:
　　For the polycrystalline samples La1-xCaxMnO3 (x=0.001.00), the infrared absorption spectrum of these samples were collect by a Fourier-transform IR spectrophotometer at different temperature. The stretch-mode absorption peak near 620cm-1 was investigated thoroughly, the result indicates that the peak split into three peaks due to different mode of vibrations in MnO6 octahedron, And peak B and C show significant frequency shifts near the Curie temperature TC. The variation of effective carrier number obtained from the infrared absorption spectra dependence on temperature is according with the phase transition of FM to PM.In the polycrystalline samples La0.67-xPrxCa0.33MnO3(x=00.67), La3+ is replaced by Pr3+ gradually,which can induce a complexity phase separation phenomenon. The infrared absorption spectrum at different temperature shows a notability http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ difference from La0.67-xCaxMnO3 compounds. The analysis of stretch-mode absorption peak indicates that the frequency of peak A, B and C shift in differently in different magnetic phase region. In FM and AFM region, all the frequencies are stabilized. In the PM region, the frequencies of peak B and C decrease with the increase of temperature, and the frequency of peak A has a tendency to ascend with the rise of temperature followed by the increase of x. In the region of FM-PM, the shift of frequencies is too complicated to explain readily.With the same radii, Ho3+ and Y3+ were chosen to substitute La3+ in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3. The magnetism of ion only effects on the frequency of peak C, in we opinion. With lower value of x, the frequency of peak C decreases with the increase of temperature in the PM region. With higher value of x, the frequency of peak C is a little higher than the La0.67-xYxCa0.33MnO3 compound with same x. In addition, the scope of the frequency increase with x is much higher than the samples contained Y3+.

Preparation of CaO/ZrO2-La2O3 Solid Base Catalyst for Synthesis Di-2-ethyhexyl Carbonate

Preparation of CaO/ZrO2-La2O3 Solid Base Catalyst for Synthesis Di-2-ethyhexyl Carbonate
　　The CaO/ZrO2-La2O3 solid base catalysts were prepared by dipping ZrO2、ZrO2-La2O3 prepared by method precipitation in Ca(NO3)2 solution and calcined at different temperatures. The XRD results showed that CaO and ZrO2 coexisted in solid solution in all of samples at the calcination temperature 400°C～600°C, ZrO2 existed in tetragonal phase, CaZrO3 were generated in several samples and CaZrO3 were generated at 700°C of the samples Cube neodymium magnet addition of lanthanon La.The SEM results suggested that the samples were the abnormal spot adjunct and lots of white minuteness grains were aggregated on their surface.
　　The BET results revealed that the addition of La increased the solid base samples specific surface area, and the specific surface area of 0.2%CaO/ZrO2-La2O3 was 79.26m2/g after calcined at 600°C. The specific surface area was decreased after the lots of CaZrO3 generation.The base strength was studied by Hammett Indicator method, and the results displayed that the maximal base strength was H0=15.0～17.2, therefore it wasn’t solid superbase.The mechanism was discussed that synthesis of di-2-ethyhexyl carbonate by transesterifying with self-made solid base, through the method of changing factor to search for the conditions of catalytic reaction. The best conditions were confirmed that: solid base of 0.2%CaO/ZrO2-La2O3 calcined at 600°C, the catalyst addition is 1.5% weight of dimethyl carbonate and 2-ethylhexanol. The synthesis of di-2-ethyhexyl carbonate was by two-step transesterification, the reactants were stiring and backflow under the boiling point for 2h, then distillating to http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ remove the carbinol, the reaction temperature was rised to 130°C and the reaction was continue for 4h.Under the same reaction condition, comparing with other solid base catalyst, this catalyst had the advantages of high yield of product, easy to recover, better reuse quality, the yield of product was also 58.4% after the catalyst used seven times by multiple retexture.The synthesized samples which were obtained by decompression distillation time after time were analysed by FTIR、1H-NMR. The results indicated that the samples’ structure conformed to di-2-ethyhexyl carbonate. The synthesized samples were designed to quantitative analysis by HPLC, the results showed that CaO/ZrO2- La2O3 solid base played an important role in transesterification, and had good catalystic activity, the yield of product is high.

The Source Apportionment of in Chongqing City

The Source Apportionment of PM10 in Chongqing City
　　PM10 is an important index for atmospheric environmental quality; also PM10 is harm for human health. So ascertain the source and contribution of PM10 is a good significance for making the controlled methods.The samples of PM10 were collected in April and November 2006 at Yuzhong, Jiangbei, Nanan, Shangbingba, Yubei, Dadukou, Jiulongpo, Banan, Beibei 9 sampling sites of Chongqing urban and Jinyunshan site for compared, and analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic elements, water-solubility ions and the Block neodymium magnet concentration of PM10. Seven source of PM10 were confirmed: road dust, construction dust, coal smoke dust, cement dust, steel dust, mobile exhaust gas, and second particle and then analyze the chemical component of them. At last, the chemical mass balance model (CMB) was used for the source apportionment of PM10 in Chongqing city. The main conclusion is as follow:The concentration of PM10 during the sampling in spring and autumn is 0.211 mg/m3 and 0.280mg/m3 respectively.
　　The highest concentration of PM10 in Dadukou district, the value is 0.312 mg/m3, the lowest concentration of PM10 in Jinyunshan district, the value is 0.111 mg/m3. The order of concentration from high to low is Dadukou, Shapingba, Jiangbei, Jiulongpo, Banan, Yuzhong, Nanan, Beibei, Yubei, and Jinyunshan.The inorganic elements are divided to earth elements and pollution related elements. As the result of analyses, the concentration of Si is the most highest in earth elements, the value is 7896.2μg/m3 and the concentration of S is the most highest in pollution related elements, the value is 11390.8μg/m3. In spatial distribution, the concentration of pollution related elements are higher in Jiangbei, Shapingba, Dadukou, Jiulongpo, and Yuzhong and in temporal distribution; the value in autumn is higher. The enrichment factors of S, Se, Br, and Pb are more serious.During the sampling the concentration of OC and EC is 55.08μg/m3 and 7.64μg/m3 respectively. The OC concentration is higher in autumn and the EC concentration variety rule is not distinctness. In the district of Jiulongpo, http://www.chinamagnets.biz/    Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba and Yuzhong have the high value of EC and OC The pollution character and relativity analyses display the secondary organic carbon serious pollution of OC and EC in PM10, especially in autumn.The concentration of NH4+ and Ca2+ are higher in the cation, the value is 13.65μg/m3 and 9.47μg/m3 respectively. The concentration of SO42- and NO3- are higher in the anion, the value is 60.84μg/m3 and 13.93μg/m3 respectively. In the district of Dadukou, Nanan, Jiulongpo, Beibei, Yuzhong the concentration of water-solubility ions are higher. In spring the cation is more than anion, and the PM10 show neutral, in autumn the anion is more, and the PM10 show acidity. The relativity of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, NO3- and SO42- are well than NH4+, Cl-, and F-.The mostly source of PM10 in Chongqing city is road dust, construction dust, coal smoke dust, cement dust, steel dust, mobile exhaust gas, and secondary particle, and the contribution is 20.48%, 11.03%, 3.73%, 8.58%, 3.74%, 21.64% and 22.20% respectively. The part of incertitude is 8.63%.

Effect of Complex Addition on the Electrical Transport and Magnetoresistance Properties of La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3

Effect of Complex Addition on the Electrical Transport and Magnetoresistance Properties of La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3
　　Manganese oxides with peroveskite structure have been the subject of intense study in recent years due to the complex in teraction between electrons,lattices and spins.Specially,the potential technological application related to the colossal manganetoresistance (CMR) effect has activated the interesting on the materials.However,for a single crystal of a pure Ball Neodymium Magnets manganese oxide, the intrinsic CMR can be observed only at a high magnetic field(several Teslas) and in a narrow temperature window near Curie temperature. For a crystalline, although a higher magnetoresistance was observed at a lower magnetic field in the temperature much lower than the Curie temperature, the low field magnetoresistance decreased rapidly with increasing in the temperature.
　　Thus, there are many technological problems as the manganese oxides were used to the electronic devices.The material which has the structure "FM/ML/FM" shows the low field MR(LFMR),where FM and ML represents the ferromagnetic metal and middle layer,respectively.So,we try to optimize the structure to enhance the LFMR and the sensitivity to the magnetic feld.For the ferromagnetic metals,MR is higher with the higher spin polarization.so we try to bring Ti、Cu into the A site、B site or grain- boundaries of La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3(short LCBMO), changing the its electric and magnetic properties,to enhance the MR.In this thesis,our main investigation including:(l)A summary of the formation and its physical problems of the structure, properties and magnetoresistanee in the manganese oxides has been given. We summarize the research work related to the FM/ML/FM material,and the fu ndamental of theory and experiment of the thesis has put forward on the basis of it .(2) The influences of diferent preparation procedures are compared and optimal two are chosen.We use the Glycine-nitrate process and sol-gel to produce the manganese oxides.
　　The electric, magnetic properties and magnetoresistance of LCBMO are investigated.(3) For the different preparation procedures of LCBMO,we observed hat sintering temperature evidently affectes the results by changing the grain size of LCBMO,the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ larger and smaller size both go against the effect.(4) Glycine-nitrate process (GNP) synthesized La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3 /xTiO2 and La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3/0.035TiO2/xCuO system, Effects of complex addition on the electrical transport and magnetoresistance properties of La2/3(Ca0.65Ba0.35)1/3MnO3 are studied. A composite containing (LCBMO) and Cu dependent material is investigated.Compared to LCMO, the composite has a lower insulator-metal transition temperature(Tp) and a substantial reduction in the resistivity over the whole temperature range studied.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co-Zr Alloys

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co-Zr Alloys
　　Magnetic materials occupies important position in society in the nowadays , catch hitherto unknown attention right away once third generation rare earth permanent magnetism Nd-Fe-B appearing in the market,proprietor’s making joint efforts also makes development of Nd-Fe-B series permanent magnetism very swift and violent , very quick, and the function using latent energy one empty space to be enearth, changeable function difficulty continuing improving Nd-Fe-B , self contain abuse of rare earth easy to oxidize also being difficult to solve more well. People starts appearing that hopes in another one kind of much better permanent magnetic materials.Co-Zr base the series alloy is beginning to study in 1964, the initial stage it is exceeded high anisotropy field above metal neodymium magnets permanent magnetic materials, quickness quenches material having very good suppleness , this is that reality very suitable applies a characteristic of the Co-Zr base series alloy. People are discovered, Co-Zr base series alloy hard magnetism properties is controlled by Co5Zr phase , this one phase finds that on 1986 by Z.Altounian first in amorphous alloy, Co5Zr phase has fcc structure, space group F43m or F23 , crystal lattice constant a = 6.7A; ,
　　Curie temperature Tc=500℃. Often, the existence has fcc Co phase, Co11Zr2 phase and Co23Zr6 phase in Co-Zr base alloy. in Nature fcc Co only stabilize existence in all above 425℃, but it can be discover often all various smelting and quenching quickly in Co-Zr series alloy.Co11Zr2. Co11Zr2 phase has Pcna space group orthogonality crystal structure, crystal lattice constant a = 4.8A,b = 8.2A,c = 36A ,Curie temperature 490℃. Co23Zr6 phase has fcc structure,space group Fm3m, crystal lattice constant a=11.56A. A important condition having uniaxial anisotropy, being that magnetic materials is able to apply.We have studied the Co80+xZr20-x(0≤x≤4)alloy structure and magnetism properties:Co80+xZr20-x(0≤x≤4)smelting alloys have taking form rough crystal structure by arc stove. Most probably, smelting alloy middle mainly contains fcc Co phase, Co5Zr phase two kinds from the X-ray diffraction result having the broad diffraction peak, the broad diffraction peak is in a process changing each other being indicating a sample per se right away , liquid state changes to fcc Co phase, Co5Zr phase from ebullition metal state, crystal particle being are rough by cooled speed effect. Sample has saturation magnetization 71 emu/g , as a result of Co5Zr phase existence. In the smelting sample, rough crystal particle of Co5Zr phasee also pointing out that we, exercise direct heat treatment of smelting sample may become acquisition the Co5Zr compound.Quench the technology progress quickly , make this one handicraft become important means for study of science and production. Speed of melt-spun, to Co80+xZr20-x(0≤x≤4) alloys quench the effect bringing structure and the function along slightly quickly very big.
　　To Co80+xZr20-x(x=1、3、4) alloy, quickness quenches having dried as well as with 40 m/s speed , the Co84Zr16 alloy quickly quenches sample having being amorphism state very well, saturation magnetization intensity 61 emu/g , coercive force 90 Oe , magnetic moment per atom 1.10μB. Electric charge between Co atom 3d energy bands and Zr atom metastasis.Co80+xZr20-x(x=0、2) alloys with 25m/s speed melt-spun quickness quenches strip, manily have fcc Co and Co5Zr phase structure, have approximately 0.5 kOe coercive force, it totally different from alloys strip with 25m/s speed melt-spun quickness quenches. With the increase of Zr content x in the Co-Zr alloys, coercive force increase, saturation magnetization intensity increase, magnetic moment per atom increase, content of the Co5Zr phase also increases in melt-spun quickness quenches http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Co-Zr alloys. Therefore, continued changing the alloy component and melt-spun speed, be able to obtain Co5Zr compounds and more good magnetism properties , it opens up a road to clearer know characterof the Co5Zr compound.Heat treatment Co80+xZr20-x(x=1、3、4) alloys, that melt-spun with 40 m/s speed, the heat treatment temperature is 550℃, 650℃, 750℃, heat treatment time is 2 hours. Sample after heat treatment, saturation magnetize intensity and magnetic moment per atom increase with the heat treatment temperature enhance. X-ray diffraction result of heat treatment Co81Zr19 quickness quenches strip point out that, fcc Co occupies main position, and a few Co23Zr6 phase, and with the heat treatment temperature increase, crystal spend gradually changeable completeness. Therefore, fcc Co appearing, is playing decisive role to the magnetism of quickness quenches alloys, crystal is spent gradually perfect, the crystal particle growth has produced effect also to magnetism. Electricity mirror result demonstrates , the strain of quickness quenches alloys has effect and inhibitory action to the crystal particle growth certain.In sum, we have known hard magnetism phase——Co5Zr phase can come true by two kinds approach in Co-Zr alloy, this have provided for this gaining the Co5Zr compound to facilitate. Various clear cognition Co5Zr compound physical property, further improve Co-Zr series alloy magnetism.

Study on the Electrodeposition and Properties of Ni-W Amorphous Alloys

Study on the Electrodeposition and Properties of Ni-W Amorphous Alloys
　　In this dissertation, the Ni-W alloy coatings with different structures were fabricated by the electrodeposition method. The structure, morphology, micro-hardness, wear behavior and the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ni-W alloy coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence system (XRF), optical microscopy, micro-indentation, friction testing machine, electrochemical testing system and orthogonal experimental design. The effects of addition of La on the corrosion of Ni-W coatings have also been Block Neodymium magnets studied systematically.The Ni-W electro-deposition parameters were optimized by the orthogonal experimental design. And the data of orthogonal test was statistically analyzed based on range analysis. The effects of various factors on the coating properties such as hardness, morphology have been extensively studied. According to the orthogonal test, the influence on the structure, morphology and properties of the Ni-W coatings have been investigated and the mechanics of Ni-W electro-deposition is also tentatively discussed. It was found that the Ni-W alloy coatings can be deposited from multiple complex compounds and NH4Cl and Na3C6H5O7 play an important role as the complexing agent. The current density and deposition temperature are the main factors which respectively affect the crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics of the process.
　　The structure and properties of the coatings are closely related to tungsten content. The structure of the deposits exhibits crystalline phase when the tungsten content in the electroplated alloy is less than 21 at%, but an amorphous structure when it is above the value. The coatings exhibit a columnar crystalline structure with the tungsten content around 20 at%.The friction wear testing machine was employed to characterize the frictional wear behavior of Ni-W coatings under the boundary lubrication conditions. The effects of rotational speed and loading on the friction behavior, and the friction relations between the coatings and wear pairs were systematically studied. It was found that rotational speed of the machine had less impact on the friction of coatings. The grade-abrasion takes place under the fractional load condition (100N) resulting in the formation of furrows and the pitting on the surface of the specimen; While the adhesion-abrasion occurs under the heavy load condition (300N) http://www.999magnet.com/ and cause a serious damage of the coatings with a large number of wide and deep furrows and pitting. Ni-W amorphous alloy also has good abradability compared with the GCr15 bearing steel.Electrochemical experimental results demonstrate that Ni-W alloy coating possesses a better corrosion resistance than 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, and that the corrosion of amorphous alloy is superior to its crystalline counterpart. The effect of addition of rare-earth element La on the synthesis and the corrosion behavior of coating was also investigated. It was found that the addition of La can enhance the wear resistance of Ni-W coating. When the addition of La reached 0.5 g/L, the alloy coating has the best performance.

Photo-luminescence Properties of Phosphate Doped with Tm

Photo-luminescence Properties of Phosphate Doped with Tm
　　In this work,we use the Tm3+to replace Eu2+of BAM (BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+)phosphor.And that is the phosphate activated by Tm3+.In this paper,a series of powder samples of GdPO4:Tm3+,M3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+,MBPO7: Tm3+,Gd3+,MBPO7:Tm3+was prepared under a reducing atmosphere by solid-state reaction.And the characteristic about fabric and luminescence were studied.The X-ray powder diffraction data of the powder samples are in agreement of JCPDS standard card. The dopant rare earth ion would have little influence on the structure of Ring neodymium magnet luminescent host.So the compositive material is the phosphate.The samples GdPO4:Tm3+,M3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+(M=Sr,Mg,Ca,Ba)have strong absorption at VUV(165nm)due to the strong absorption of the host lattic.The absorption of Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+at 165 are stringer than that of GdPO4:Tm3+,the energy transitions of Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+between Tm3+and host lattic is strong,,so the intensity of absorption of the is strong.In the M3Gd(PO4)3,the intensity of absorption of host lattic become strong as the increase of radii cation.
　　As the molar of cation of the samples MBPO7:Tm3+,Gd3+(M-Sr,Mg,Ca,Ba)minish,the absorption have a shift from 161nm to 189nm.The samples GdPO4:Tm3+,M3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+MBPO7:Tm3+,Gd3+,MBPO7:Tm3+ (M=Sr,Mg,Ca,Ba)have strong emission at 454nm and 363nm under VUV(161nm). The peaks http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ are due to the 1D2→3H4 and 1D2→3H6 transitions of Tm3+.As the f molar of cation minish,The emission of samples M3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+,MBPO7:Tm3+,Gd3+, MBPO7:Tm3+(M=Sr,Mg,Ca,Ba)at 454nm and 363nm is increased.The Gd3+as the host lattic at the samples GdPO4:Tm3+,M3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+can have absorption,and have effect about focus of luminescence.However the Gd3+as the intermingle cation at boron phosphate MgBPO7:Tm3+(2%),Gd3+(2%)have emission at 312nm about Gd3+,and this is disadvantage for the energy transitions to focus of luminescence.The emission of Tm3+has reduced because of the energy absorption competition between Tm3+and Gd3+at VUV.

新型含多铋(Ⅲ)配合物的合成与表征

新型含多铋(Ⅲ)配合物的合成与表征
　　Because of safety, no carcinogenic character and special bioactivities, the applications of bismuth complexes in many fields including medicine, materials, organic synthesis, and catalysis have been exploring increasingly. Synthesis of bismuth complexes has been studying interestedly. In this dissertation, synthesis and characterization of bismuth complexes Ring neodymium magnet with three class ligands were discussed.Firstly, polyaminopolycarboxylate ligands like nitrilotriacetic acid (H3nta), ethylenediminetetraacetic acid (H4edta), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (H5dtpa), and 1, 2-Cylohexanediaminetetraacetic acid(H4cydta), bond to metal atom through N atoms and O atoms in varied chelate modes in different chemical condition Heterobinuclear complexes like BixLn1-xnta·nH2O (Ln = Nb, Eu, Y, Pr, x<1),hetero- bimetal bismuth complexes like [(NO3)Nd(H2O)4](μ3-cydta)[Bi(μ-O)NO2]·2.5H2O, [Mn(H2O)6][Bi(μ2-edta)]2·2H2O, LnBi(edta)](NO3)2·nH2O(Ln = La, Pr), and MBi(dtpa)·nH2O (M = Ba, Ca, Mn), were synthesized in water.Secondly, quinoline and 8-hydroxy-quinoline are of heterocyclic conjugate ligands containing N atom. Bismuth complexes with them have been synthesized in dilute HCl.Thirdly, nicotinic acid and 2-picolinic http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ acid are two special bioactive organic formal acids. Bismuth (Ⅲ) complexes with them have been obtained by different ways.Lastly, all of complexes synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and X single crystal diffraction or X powder diffraction. The cell parameters have been calculated by Rietveld program. The decompositions of complexes were studied by DTA or TG-DSC. Some physical characters were carried out.

Research on Nanocrystalline WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni)RE Cemented Carbide

Research on Nanocrystalline WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni)RE Cemented Carbide
　　The WC cemented carbide is widely used in various industrial fields such as cutting tools、molds, mine tools and anti-wear accessories due to the special wearability, high hardness, fine fracture toughness and compressive strength. However, in our country, the output of the WC cemented carbide is difficult to meet the demands because of the long-term shortage of Co resources. So, it is very urgent to seek substitutes for Co. In the paper, the Fe and Ni which characters and structures are similar to Co but much cheaper were tried to substitute for Co.The WC-8Co/RE Cube neodymium magnet cemented carbide had been researched before investigating WC-8(Fe/Co/ Ni)RE.
　　The techniques and theories of the WC-8Co/REcemented carbide experiments have certain guidance to the experiment of WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni). Comparing the results of two experiments, the deficiencies of WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni) were pointed out and reformed.In the paper, the WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni)RE alloy were prepared by the conventional powder metallurgy. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni)RE cemented carbide were investigated mainly. With the comparison between the cemented carbide that iron and nickel replace for cobalt and the traditional cemented carbide, The experiments had shown results that the sintering temperature of WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni) cemented carbide is obviously higher than YG’s and the new kind of cemented carbide could been achieved the liquid phase sintering and could been obtained well density when as the sintering temperature is higher at 1430℃. When the proportion of Fe、Ni and Co is 65:20:15 and 20:20:60 respectively, the hardness of the cemented carbide achieves was about 90.7HRA and full density of the sintering sampaes could been obtained nearly. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the sintered samples were higher than the traditional YG8. The 1wt% additive of rare earth could not http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Cube neodymium magnet only restrain the growth of WC crystal but also improve their mechanical properties. The hardness of WC-8Co cemented carbide have achieved 92.2HRA, which is much higher than WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni). The mechanical properties of WC-8(Fe、Co、Ni) cemented carbide could be improved through optimizing the technology, but in the same technology, it had lower properties than the one of the WC-8Co/RE, because of the high sintering temperature and the difference of the components.

Synthesis and Characteristic of High Performance Yellow Phosphor by Coprecipitation Method for White LEDs

Synthesis and Characteristic of High Performance Yellow Phosphor by Coprecipitation Method for White LEDs
　　Because phosphor is the critical material of white LED producing, the progress of phosphor technology has very important effect on development of the white LED. Yellow phosphor still can’t meet the requirement completely for white LED products at present, so it is imperative to raise the efficiency, reduce the granularity, and prepare the spherical phosphor. Chemical co-precipitation is a widely applicable method of wet chemical synthesis, which raw materials’ composition can be mixed on the molecule or atom rank, which is helpful to control the doping amount accurately, raise the activity of reacting, reduces the firing temperature notably. Therefore, the co-precipitation method is very hopeful to substitute solid state reaction and apply to the industrialization production Block neodymium magnet of the phosphors.In this paper, (Y3-x-yREx)Al5O12:Cey yellow phosphors were synthesized by co-precipitation method with NH3·H2O-NH4HCO3 system as the precipitating agent. The styles of red shift the emission light of the phosphors were studied. Luminescent properties of white LED based on (Y3-x-yREx)Al5O12:Cey phosphors prepared and blue InGaN chip were also investigated.
　　The main points of the thesis are as following:①The luminescence mechanism, realization methods of white LED were overviewed. Characteristics of various phosphors synthetic technologies for white LED were discussed briefly.②The formation process and structure of the phosphor powders were investigated by means of DTA-TGA and XRD. And the effect of fluoride (NH4HF2, NaF, BaF2, and AlF3) as additive on the morphology, crystallite and photo-luminescent properties of Y3Al5O12:Ce was studied by photo-luminescent excitation and emission spectra and SEM. The result shows that completely crystallized phosphors are obtained at 900℃, which is more than 300℃lower than the temperature of solid-state method. The phosphor particles have spheroidal shapes with uniform distribution, and their sizes are 0.3～1μm. The emission spectrum excited by 468nm shows a characteristic wide band with the peak at about 530nm.
　　A small quantity of NaF as additive is useful for enhancing photo-luminescent intensity of Y3Al5O12:Ce phosphors, and improving the morphology.③(Y3-x-yREx)Al5O12:Cey(RE=Lu, Yb, Tb, Gd, La) phosphors were synthesized by http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ co-precipitation method. The crystal structures and luminescence properties of (Y3-x-yREx)Al5O12:Cey phosphors have been investigated by means of XRD and photo-luminescent excitation and emission spectra. (Y2.95-xTbx)Al5O12:Ce and (Y2.95-xGdx)Al5O12:Ce have the same crystal structure which is garnet with a different lattice parameter. Substitution by Tb3+ or Gd3+ ions in the Y3+ sites will red shift the emission light of the phosphor. The mechanism of modulation of the emission wavelength in the phosphor could be explained by variation in crystal field.④The Y3Al5O12:Ce phosphors prepared can be used together with a InGaN blue LED to achieve white light when excited by blue light of the LED. The achieved color temperature is 5571K, with a device luminous efficacy of 45lm·W-1, a color rendering index of 79.9 and a color point near the coordinate x=0.3308,y=0.3476. This could basically meet requirement of white emitting light source for illumination.

Research on the Calcium Aluminate Long Afterglow Phosphorescent Material Fabricated from Combustion Synthesis

Research on the Calcium Aluminate Long Afterglow Phosphorescent Material Fabricated from Combustion Synthesis
　　CaAl2O4-based long afterglow phosphors were studied in this thesis.The luminescent brightness and time of the phosphors can be improved greatly by adjusting the concentrations of the activators in the proper range and the compositions of the host. Other factors that affected the luminescent properties of the long afterglow phosphors were also studied. The luminescent mechanism of the long afterglow phosphors was elementarily discussed.The experiments revealed that the luminescent brightness of the CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ long afterglow phosphors Ball Neodymium Magnets greatly depended on the concentration of Eu2+ and Nd3+. When the content of Eu2+ was 2%, the luminescent properties was the best. When the raw materials doped with assistant activator of Nd3+, the luminescent brightness of phophors enhanced, and luminescent time also prolonged. When Nd3+/Eu2+ was 1:1 , the luminescent brightness was the best.The effect of flux, temperature and CH4N2O dosis on CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ were discussed, and then the optimum combustion synthesis conditions were determined. The study found that when the content of H3PO3 was 15%, the temperature was 600℃,and the ratio of CH4N2O/NO3- was 2:1, the luminescent properties was the best.
　　Through the XRD patterns, SEM map, fluorescence spectra of the samples, crystal structure, surface pattern and excitation﹑emission spectra were studied. The minute changes of matrix composition had some degree effects on the afterglow characteristic, through the experiments, the sample identified as Ca0.93Al2O4:Eu0.022+,Nd0.023+ had the best afterglow characteristic. With the change of“x”, the crystal structure of CaxAl2O4:Eu0.022+,Nd0.023+ changed.With the reduction of“x”, the impurities peak increased obviously, and the diffraction peak intensity of CaAl2O4 gradually weakened. There is no effect on fluorescence spectra.Phosphor luminescence properties can be improved by Sr. After entering the lattice, Sr2+ replaced the position of Ca2+, but doesn’t http://www.chinamagnets.biz/   form new phases. In addition, lattice parameter was increased because of the introduction of Sr2+ . The blue shift phenomenon were observed when Sr2+ increased.Synthetic reaction revealed that the luminescent properties of CaAl2O4: Eu2+,Nd3+ cannot be improved by Sm3+, but can be improved with codoped of Pr3+、Dy3+、Gd3+ and Nd3+. CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+,RE3+ still belonged to the monoclinic system, and there was no other phase occurred. The lattice parameter enlarged when the radius of RE3+ increased. The peaks of excitation and emission spectra were 334nm and 442nm, which corresponded to the transition between 4f7 and 4f65d1 of Eu2+.Activation theory of Eu2+ ion was studied: 5d orbit which exposed in the outer layer of Eu2+ was influenced strongly by crystalline field environment. So among long afterglow materials, different crystal structure leaded the different energy band splitting extent, thus emission peak changed. The luminescent mechanism of aluminate long afterglow materials were raised, which can explain excellently the contribution of different rare earth ions.

Study on EL Devices of Europium Complexes and Terbium Complex

Study on EL Devices of Europium Complexes and Terbium Complex
　　Intense academic and industrial research efforts in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices have yielded remarkable progress due to their potential commercial applications in full-color flat panel display in recent years. This dissertation is focus on optimizing procedures of fabricating devices and performance of the rare earth complexes in organic EL devices, including the following:1.EL study of europium complexesIn this paper, we will primarily discuss the neodymium magnets electroluminescent property of some europium coordination complexes which has TTA as the first ligand and a series of neutral ligands. We fabricate EL devices with different structures through selecting several host materials, controlling the thickness of the functional layer and changing the adulteration ratio.
　　And we discuss the difference of the electroluminescent property in the aspect of the structure of the material. We will also discuss how the neutral ligand influence the electroluminescent property.2. EL study of terbium complexes Tb (PMIP)3The study of the EL device of the complex Tb(PMIP)3 respectively explained the influence of different thickness of hole-transporting, electron transporting, hole blocking layer and the luminescent layer to the property http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ of the device. At the same time, we studied how the different electron blocking layer influence the property of the device. The result shows that we can control the recombination zone of the charge carriers and get good EL through controlling the thickness of the functional layers. Device ITO/NPB(10 nm)/Tb (PMIP)3(20 nm)/Tb(PMIP)3: CTPPO {共蒸1:1 }(30 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/A1Q(20 nm)/Mg0.9Ag0.1 can reach the brightness of 2256 cd/m2 under 20 V, this spectra is still pure Tb emission.

Studies on Control Technology of Brushless DC Motor in Railway Switch

Studies on Control Technology of Brushless DC Motor in Railway Switch
　　The dissertation proposes control technology of rare earth permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) in railway switch. Railway switch is one of important railway electrical signal devices. Generally, it is used to change the switch of railway tracks at cross ways and indicate the switch’s position.First, the dissertation summarizes the properties, Segment neodymium magnet developing state and application fields of BLDCM, then its fundmental structure; operation principle and control strategy is also presented. On the base of roundly analyzing all kinds of the drive motor in electromotion type railway switch, BLDCM is proposed to replace the formerly traditional DC motor in railway switch. Second, the whole design scheme and key technology of control system is put forward based on analyse of the technical parameters and requirements. Then the whole system has been designed in detail according to five circuit function modules respectively: main power and drive circuit, PWM and logic synthesize circuit, forward & reverse auto recognize circuit, high-frequency DC/DC switching-mode power supply and protection against lightning strike of system. Finally, a prototype instrument is developed, the experiments of switching-mode power supply and BLDCM are accomplished and experimental results and its analysis are also presented.It can be seen from experimental results, that the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/  control system reaches all the qualities required by the railway point switch. The motor starts fast and operating well in forward and reverse working condition, at the same time, it has higher efficiency and has more powerful protections against electromagnetic interfere and lightning strike. The technology is used not only in the railway switch but also can be used in other drive control equipments and has extensive prospect.

Studies on Control Technology of Dual Redundancy Brushless DC Motor

Studies on Control Technology of Dual Redundancy Brushless DC Motor
　　This dissertation is based on the project —the research of servo controller for dual redundancy rear earth permanent brushless DC motor (BLDCM).The main focus is to develop the technology about servo control and fault-tolerant for dual redundancy BLDCM used in the aviation realm.Beginning with the dundamental properties of dual redundancy BLDCM, the mathematic model of dual redundancy BLDCM and servo system is established. It studies the rules of current、back electromotive force、speed and torque of dual redundancy BLDCM and simulates the servo system of dual redundancy BLDCM with triple-loops which includes position loop, Special shape NdFeB magnets  speed loop and current loop in Matlab. Base on theoretical research, the triple-loops servo control circuit with DSP and CPLD of dual redundancy BLDCM is designed for electric actuation system, then the algorithm routine and strategy of redundancy management are proposed.After classifying different fault-types of servo system, this dissertation analyzes the performance of motor influenced by some main fault and presents the methods for motor fault detection and protection. Then, the concept、 selection、 configuration and design of redundancy system are introduced and the redundancy management techniques such as fault protection, redundancy switch, and system rebuilt are discussed. At last , a current equalization method for dual-redundancy BLDCM is proposed for the http://www.999magnet.com/ problem of torque distributing disequilibrium by the influence of discrepancies in system parametersFinally, a prototype instrument is developed, the experimental work and the experimental results are accomplished. The achievements of the research have very important reference for continual research.