Beeds and Cuitivation Fechnigus of Zanhoxyium Bungeamm Varieties

　　Beeds and Cuitivation Fechnigus of Zanhoxyium Bungeamm Varieties
　　Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim is an important ecologically and economic tree species, and both its area and yield is among the tops in China. In order to have Z.bungeanum being play a more important role in economic and ecological aspects in Shaanxi, 3 good varieties of Z.bungeanum were selected after more than ten years’s research, and it solved some technical difficulties in its seedling production, orchard establishment, tending and management, etc.1. Through production survey, selection of superior variety, regional test, progeny test and quality test, 3 superior varieties of Shizitou,Nanqiang 1 and Thornless Z. bungeanum, in the Dahongpao Variety population, and their quality reach or exceed the super-quality of Z. bungeanum of national forestry standard. Their yields during the high production period increase by 27.5%, 25.0% and 12.5% over Dahongpao. These varieties passed the appraisal by the Shaanxi Provincial forestry Superior Seed Appraisal Committee in 2005.2. The study shows that the reasons that Z. bungeanum seed does not germinate are due to two factors: 1) after Ball Neodymium Magnets insolation of seed, it losses vitality; and 2) Seed which is sown in spring is not treated with degreasing. The storage of seed with stacked moist sand can be simply and easily operated with low cost, and the seed vitality can be well protected. Seeds can be degreased by washing them in quicklime solution or detergent, which is simple and has good result. It should maintain about 20000 Z. bungeanum seedlings per mu.3. The test results showed that Z. bungeanum seedlings had high survival rate if site is prepared during the rainy season and planted in the next spring. It followed by both site preparation and planting was done in spring simultaneously. Planting after 2-3 days’site preparation in spring had the worst survival rate. Under same conditions of slope gradient (20-25o), soil physical and chemical properties, and soil fertility, planted Z. bungeanum seedlings in fish-scale pit had the highest survival rate, and there was no big difference between back-slope terracing and level terracing. Whole-area site preparation had the lowest survival rate. As to the yield of 6-year-old seedling, level terrace and back-slope terrace had the highest yield, which was followed by fish-scale pit. Whole-area site preparation had the lowest yield. The survival rate of planting Z. bungeanum seedlings decreases with increasing educated height of stem. The longer exposure of seedling root to air is, the lower the survival rate after planting is. Among the treatments, seedlings, which were treated with GGR6 plus plastic film or dipping seedlings in mud plus plastic film, had highest survival rate after planting, and low costs.4.
　　The results showed that for single row planting of Dahongpao, 2.5-3.0m distance between each tree is appropriate, and for Z. bungeanum orchard, 56-63 trees per mu are appropriate.5. The results showed that for 8-year-sold Z. bungeanum tree, the amount of base fertilizer applied to each tree should be 60-70kg farm manure, 1– 1.5kg tri-element composite fertilizer and 1 - 1.5kg rare-earth, trace element. The most economic amount of annual top-application per tree is 0.5-1.0 kg urea, 1.0-2.0kg lime superphosphate and 5-7kg plant ash. They are applied in two times. First application is done during the period when Z. bungeanum tree forms flower bud, and nitrogen fertilizer as main fertilizer with integration of P fertilizer should be applied. The second application is done http://www.chinamagnets.biz one and half month prior to the maturity period of Z. bungeanum, and N and P fertilizer as main fertilizer with integration of a small amount of K fertilizer. Foliage spraying can increase yield by 24.7%, and it can serve as a supplementary fertilizer for Z. bungeanum tree.6. Multi-mainbranch fasciculate shape and natrual shape can quickly form tree shape and their training techniques can be easily learnt. They are both wind-resistant and insect-resistant, and can be widely applied. Pruning branch can improve illumination condition, reduce insect pest and disease damage, and control nutrition growth. The average increase of yield during full-fruit period is 15.5%.7. The results showed that Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou has one generation every two years in Hancheng of Shaanxi Province. They are alloiobiogenesis and its different form is alternating. It mainly damages the area of tree trunk below 50 cm in height. Its integrated pest control includes removing insect-damaged tree, scraping mucus scar and pasting chemical, hammering mucus part to kill larva underneath bark, and spraying chemical to kill adult insect as well as strengthening management of both trees and soil to improve tree’s insect-resistance and it can control its damage under allowable situation.