Study on Automatic Tuning Control System of Arc-Suppession Coil with Magnetic Bias Based on DSP

Study on Automatic Tuning Control System of Arc-Suppession Coil with Magnetic Bias Based on DSP
　　With the future reconstruction of distribution network automation,especially with the development of the power system which consists of large quantity of cable, the system capacitive current to ground has been increasing dramatically, and hence more and more power systems become resonant grounded systems. For the system capacitive current compensated by arc-suppression coil, resonant grounded systems enhance the security and reliability of the power networks. rare earth magnets And in order to make the arc-suppression coil reaches its best compensation effect, the system capacitive current to ground must be detected precisely. As the subject of dissertation for master degree,“Study on Automatic Tuning Control System of Arc-Suppession Coil with Magnetic Bias based on DSP”, has great practical value.
　　The automatic turning control system of the arc-suppression coil (ASC) with magnetic bias based on DSP is studied in this thesis. Based on the precious fixed-current variable-frequency source, the thesis proposes a method for automatically tracing the capacitance current of power system, which compares the phase-angles difference of single-phase-to-earth capacitance voltage of the power network and the injected current;and at the same time,with the excitation system of rare earth magnets ASC, this paper proposes a communication system by using the CAN controller in the TMS320LF2407.Thus,the system can implement the tracing of the capacitance current of power system and automatic turning. The whole system is validated on the high voltage simulation network. The result shows that automatic turning control system gets good purpose rare earth magnets in measuring capacitance current, having good compensation result and practical value. This method will be more used in the practice.

铝酸盐稀土荧光粉及其水性浆料的制备

题名:铝酸盐稀土荧光粉及其水性浆料的制备
作者:王全良
学位授予单位:成都理工大学
关键词:铝酸盐稀土荧光粉;;溶胶-凝胶法;;表面改性;;荧光浆料
摘要:
 以SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+为代表的铝酸盐稀土荧光粉有着优越的发光特性,
但铝酸盐稀土荧光粉的最大缺点是抗湿性差,对水极不稳定,在水溶液中极易水解
,即使空气中的水分也能使其发光rare earth magnets亮度和余辉时间大大降低。这种对水的敏感性
严重限制了此类荧光粉体在各种水性体系和高要求的酸碱体系中的应用。

本文研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉荧光粉体的工艺,以硝酸
铝和硝酸锶为原料,在较低温度的还原气氛下制备了粒状或短柱状颗粒形态、粒
度分布均匀的荧光粉体。通过X射线粉晶衍射分析了样品的晶相组成,并通过扫描
电镜、激光粒度分布仪和荧光光谱的分析对荧光粉体的表面颗粒形态及发光性能
进行了表征。结果表明,在本工艺条件下,制备的粉体的发光特性与传统的高温固
相法相似,荧光粉体分布非常均匀,结晶度高,晶粒大小为41nm左右。该荧光粉在
水和光照条件下,发生水解反应,生成Al(OH)3白http://www.chinamagnets.biz/色沉淀和表面层的乳白色固体薄
膜。
 以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅包膜剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法对铝酸盐稀土荧光
粉进行表面包膜处理,获得了包覆氧化硅膜层的荧光粉。由于铝酸盐荧光粉体对
水极其敏感,采用水解、包膜两步进行的工艺,先预制正硅酸乙酯的水解包膜液,
再进行粉体表面包覆,并对工艺条件进行了讨论。对样品进行分析,结果表明:当
水与正硅酸乙酯摩尔比为15,pH值为9~10,成胶温度为60℃,为最佳工艺条件。为
了测试其耐水性能,对该铝酸盐稀土荧光粉进行了水性试验。包膜前、后样品浸
水悬浮液的pH值曲线表明包膜后荧rare earth magnets光粉的耐水性得到较大改善。
 实验还
利用丙烯酸乳液研制成具有装饰、指示标志等功能的环保型水性发光浆料。以荧
光粉和碳酸钙为主要颜填料,研究增稠剂、消泡剂、基体等因素对水性发光浆料
性能的影响。并且通过调整乳液、增稠剂及其它助剂的用量来实现水性发光浆料
的最优化性能。从而制备无毒、无放射性,光致发光时间长,节能环保型发光浆料
。
 在实验的过程中,采用理论分析和实验相结合的方法进行研究。对实验
所制备的样品进行了硬度、附着力和抗碱能力等的测试。并且,在此基础上进行
了稀土发光浆料分散rare earth magnets体系各配方用量的研究。实验所制备的稀土发光浆料具有性
能优异,无毒,气味小等优点。经过综合考虑,荧光粉用量为10%左右,丙稀酸乳液
30%,碳酸钙15%,增稠剂2%、分散剂0.4%、消泡剂0.6%时所制备的水性发光浆料各
方面性能较好。使用氧化锆陶瓷片为基体材料的漆膜附着力较强,优于以马口铁
和玻片为基体材料的漆膜。
学位年度:2009

水热法制备核壳结构的稀土发光材料及表征

题名:水热法制备核壳结构的稀土发光材料及表征
作者:张莹莹
学位授予单位:东北师范大学
关键词:水热法;;稀土离子;;核壳材料;;能量传递;;荧光衰减
摘要:

 本论文利用单分散聚合法制备出单分散的聚苯乙烯微球,利用浓硫酸对其表面进行改性,制得单分散的磺化聚苯乙烯微球。以单分散的磺rare earth magnets化的聚苯乙烯(PS)为核通过简单的水热法合成了稀土离子掺杂的核壳结构发光材料,包括PS@SrCO_3:Tb~(3+), PS/GdPO_4: Tb~(3+) (Ce~(3+))体系。研究了Tb~(3+)离子核壳结构发光材料中的发光性质,以及Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)之间能量传递过程。

 通过水热法,以单分散磺化聚苯乙烯(PS)为核,SrCO_3:Tb~(3+)为壳的核壳PS@SrCO_3:Tb~(3+)发光材料。XRD, FESEM,TEM, PL光谱及寿命曲线用来表征结果。FESEM和TEM结果表明这种核-壳结构的发光材料表面致密,厚度均匀,保持了单分散PS微球的形貌特征,壳的厚度可以通过沉积次数进行调控。紫外光和电子束激发下,PS@SrCO_3:Tb~(3+)以峰值位于544 nm的5D4-7F5绿光发射为主。利用荧光寿命衰减曲线研究了PS@SrCO_3:Tb~(3+)中的Tb~(3+)的发光动力学性质。还研究了Tb~(3+)摩尔http://www.chinamagnets.biz/浓度和包裹的层数对PS@SrCO_3:Tb~(3+)发光粉的荧光发光强度的影响。

 利用水热法制备PS/GdPO_4:Tb~(3+)(Ce~(3+))核壳发光材料,XRD, FESEM,TEM, PL光谱及寿命曲线用来表征结果。由于Ce~(3+)的掺杂,有效的Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)能量传递,它们显现出较强的发光特征发射。由于Ce~(3+)向Tb~(3+)离子的能量传递,动力学测试结果表明,PS/GdPO_4:Tb~(3+)(Ce~(3+))中,它们的荧光寿命衰减曲线符合一级拟合。Tb~(3+)在PS/GdPO_4:Tb~(3+)和PS/GdPO_4:Tb~(3+)(Ce~(3+))中的荧光衰减寿命http://www.chinamagnets.biz/分别是3.04 ms和2.73 ms。
学位年度:2009

Research of Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect Based on Soft Amorphous Materials

Research of Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect Based on Soft Amorphous Materials
　　In this thesis, we introduceed the status of GMI effect;application in sensor of GMI, the theory of GMI effect, the factors to influenced on GMI effect, rare earth magnets and the method about how to improve GMI effect. During experiment the Fe73.5Zr2In0.5Nb4B20 ribbon was researched about the scale of elements;prepare the materials;measure http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ amorphous graphic and its GMI curve, at the same time next work was advanced.

黑龙江省塔河县宝兴沟金矿床成矿地质条件及找矿潜力分析

题名:黑龙江省塔河县宝兴沟金矿床成矿地质条件及找矿潜力分析
作者:李向文
学位授予单位:吉林大学
关键词:矿床地质特征;;地球化学特征;;成矿条件;;找矿潜力;;宝兴沟金矿
摘要:
 宝兴沟金矿地处天山-兴蒙造山带、大兴安岭火山岩带东北部上黑龙江拗陷腰站断陷南缘与十八站隆起北缘交接部位。矿体产出于闪长玢岩、辉绿玢岩、花岗细晶岩与二十二站组砂岩接触带中,目前已发现矿化蚀变带4条,破碎蚀变岩型金矿体13条,储量规模达到中型。本区成矿地质条件优越,找矿标志明显,具备rare earth magnets较好的找矿潜力。
 本文从成矿地质背景分析入手,深入研究矿床地质特征、地球化学特征,分析成矿地质条件,厘定成矿岩体的形成时代,探讨矿床成因,建立成矿模式；根据成矿地质条件与地质、地球物理、地球化学等找矿信息http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/研究,确定找矿方向,优选后续勘查工作靶区,预测找矿潜力。研究成果对指导该矿床乃至该地区类似矿产的勘查工作具有重要理论与实际意义。
学位年度:2010

高性能镁合金压铸工艺与性能研究

题名:高性能镁合金压铸工艺与性能研究
作者:林凌
学位授予单位:上海交通大学
关键词:真空压铸;;挤压压铸;;镁合金;;Mg-Nd-Zn;;AZ91D;;AM60
摘要:
 汽车工业是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一,2009年国内汽车年产量超过千万辆,市场广阔,潜力巨大。镁合金作为汽车的第四大制造材料http://www.chinamagnets.biz/,具有密度小、比强度高、加工性能好等优势,可有效解决汽车行业面临的一系列考验,如油价上涨,以及各国出台的节能、减排以及旧车回收政策的限制。
 现有的镁合金汽车零部件多采取压铸法生产,气孔较多,强度不高,无法进行热处理;另外,车用镁合金多为Mg-Al系,其蠕变性能较差,无法在较高温度下使用。这些因素共同限制了镁合金在汽车上的应用。
 为解决这些问题,中国、美国、加拿大共同设立镁合金汽车前端研究开发项目(Magnesium Front End Research and Development Project)。包括以镁合金为原料,采用新型成型手段并开发新型合金,生产汽车前端的结构件,以替代原rare earth magnets有的铝制、钢制部件。
 作为该项目的一个子课题,本研究本文采用真空压铸以及水平挤压铸造手段生产镁合金铸件,改善铸件气孔缺陷,并且,通过添加稀土,改善镁合金铸件高温蠕变性能。主要成果如下:
 AZ91D和AM60铸件的微观组织均由α-Mg基体与晶界处的Mg17Al12共晶相组成。固溶处理后Mg17Al12共晶相进入α-Mg基体,时效处理后析出。AZ91D中过饱和的Al在晶界处向晶粒内部非连续析出,对基体起到增强作用,提高了铸件的力学性能;而AM60中过饱和的Al在晶粒内部、晶界上以颗粒状析出,对铸件的力学性能没有提升。热处理前后,AZ91D铸件的屈服强度和抗拉强度均优于AM60铸件,但前者在铸态和时效态下的延伸率明显低于后者,其原因在于前者在凝固过程中析出的金属间化合物相Mg17Al12较多,因此强度较高,但塑性较差,而固溶态AZ91D和AM60中的Mg17 Al12相均溶入基体,二者的延伸率相当。随着固溶时间的增长,铸件晶粒尺寸增加,抗拉强度略有降低,屈服强度和延伸率维持不变。真空压铸可较好地消除铸件中的气孔,但无法完全消除铸件中的缩孔,特别是无法防止厚大部位的凝固收缩,需要通过产品结构和模具工艺的优化减少缩孔和缩松。
 另一方面,对NZK30镁合金水平挤压铸造工艺进行了研究,其晶粒尺寸随着铸造压力、压射速度的增加而先减小后增大,力学性能(包括屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率)随着铸造压力、压射速度的增加而先降低后上升。最佳压铸工艺参数为:铸造压力70MPa,压射速度压力4MPa。在细化Mg-Nd-Zn合金的晶粒上,水平挤压铸造起到与加Zr相似的效果,可通过该生产手段替代加Zr,以降低成本;另外,合金成分相同的前提下,水平挤压铸件的力学性能全面优于重力铸造的铸件。从现有试验结果来看,NZ30k镁合金的最优热处理参数为:T4-500℃×6h,T6-500℃×6h+200℃×10h。由于未对二次增压参数进行优化,水平挤压铸件中仍存在部分缩松,影响铸件的力学性能,需要进一步的研究优化。
学位年度:2010

西准噶尔晚古生代花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义的初步研究

题名:西准噶尔晚古生代花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义的初步研究
作者:第鹏飞
学位授予单位:兰州大学
关键词:后碰撞;;花岗岩;;地球化学;;构造意义;;晚古生代;;西准噶尔
摘要:
 研究区地处新疆塔城地区托里县,位于准噶尔盆地西北缘。本文在野外实地调查研究的基础之上,通过分析研究区花岗岩体的岩石组合类型和岩石地球化学特征,探讨了西准噶尔晚古生代花岗岩类形成时的构造环境、成因机制及构造意义。
 研究区内广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩,侵入岩年龄分别为：309.4±2.5Ma(色尔登岩体)和319.6±3.2Ma(哈图岩体),在时代上属rare earth magnets于晚石炭世。区内岩浆岩由A2型花岗岩和I型花岗岩组成。其中哈图花岗岩体具有高硅、低铝、富碱、准铝质-弱过铝质、贫钙、低镁,10000×Ga/Al比值较大,强烈富集高场强元素(HFSE), Sr、Ba强烈亏损,稀土配分模式图呈现典型的右倾“海鸥型”等,这些特征表明哈图花岗岩应为典型的铝质A型花岗岩。A1-A2型花岗岩判别图解显示哈图花岗岩体为A2型花岗岩。而色尔登岩体的矿物岩石学特征、岩石地球化学判别数据及图解表明色尔登岩体应为I型花岗岩。区内晚石炭世后碰撞I型及A2型花岗岩为西准噶尔地区晚石炭世地壳内http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/部物质重新分配的过程提供了新的证据。
 色尔登、哈图花岗岩应形成于后碰撞时期伸展背景之下,前者源于基性物质的部分熔融,后者可能源于长英质物质,但形成时的地壳厚度薄；部分熔融的热力来源为软流圈玄武质岩浆底侵作用促使下地壳物质熔融。
学位年度:2010

Fe-Ni包晶合金定向凝固过程中的包晶反应及三维组织分析

题名:Fe-Ni包晶合金定向凝固过程中的包晶反应及三维组织分析
作者:王新
学位授予单位:哈尔滨工业大学
关键词:包晶合金;;感应加热;;定向凝固;;包晶反应;;三维重构
摘要:

 包晶合金的凝固是目前凝固领域研究的热点之一,随着新材料的不断开发和应用,很多具有重要应用前景的材料制备过程都涉及到包晶反应,例如,高温金属间化合物结构材料Ti-Al、Ni-Al、Fe-Al合金,稀土永磁材料Nd-Fe-B和Co-Sm-Al合金,高温超导材料Y/Nb-Ba-Cu-O等。在过去的几十年里,人们对包晶合金的凝固行为进行了大量rare earth magnets的研究,发现了许多新型的组织,也取得了许多重要的成果,但要尽快推进包晶合金在工程上的应用,还需要对包晶合金的凝固过程进行更深入的研究。

 在课题组对Fe-Ni包晶合金研究的基础上,本文选择Fe-4.1Ni和Fe-4.4Ni两种合金成分,通过感应加热方式对其进行了系统的定向凝固实验,研究了定向凝固过程中的组织演化。通过较为系统的定向凝固试验得到了丰富的组织:带状组织、混合带状组织、岛状组织、等温共生生长、胞状共生生长,并与电阻加热试验结果进行了对比分析,丰富了Fe-Ni包晶合金定向凝固理论。发现即使是在对流现象严重存在的情况下,包晶反应仍然存在并对组织形成具有重要的影响,总结了与电阻加热定向凝固过程中包晶反应的异同点。此外,本文利用连续切片技术对定向凝固过程中得到的几种典型组织:胞状共生生长、岛状组织、枝晶岛状组织,进行了三维重构,得到了精确的三维空间形态,并在此基础上系统分析了包晶反应对组织形成的影响,避免了二维分析可能带来的误差。同时,利用三维重构方法再现了单胞端部的几何形态,对胞的直径d和端部半径R进行了精确的测量;将胞的端部几何形态与流体动力学中的Saffman-Taylor粘性指方程进行了对比,发现两者具有很大的相似性,验证了胞状共生生长模型;以胞状共生生长组织为例定量分析了包晶反应对包晶两相体积分数的影响,发现http://www.chinamagnets.biz/包晶反应前后有37.8%左右的初生相重新溶解;包晶反应对胞状共生生长的形态稳定性也具有重要影响,主要体现在包晶两相界面距离l,通过定量测量发现包晶两相界面之间的距离l与胞的直径d及端部半径R之间的关系为:l≈2d≈7R,为胞状共生生长模型的进一步验证和改进提供了试验数据。
学位年度:2010

稀土镧（III）在富营养化水体中若干生物学作用机制的研究

题名:稀土镧（III）在富营养化水体中若干生物学作用机制的研究
作者:刘睿
学位授予单位:四川师范大学
关键词:浮萍;;镧;;色素;;氮;;磷
摘要:

 摘要：浮萍是一种小型水生漂浮植物,生长迅速且容易获得,对生长条件要求低,吸收N、P的能力强,可以作为一种比较理想的治理水体富营养化的选材。

 本文以紫背浮萍(Spirodela polyphiza)为试材,分别采用N、P、La3+单因素培养,复合培养及四因素、三水平正交设计[L27(34)]水培体系,研究浮萍生长和繁殖过程中通过其吸收N、P而达到净化富营养化水体的若干未知机制以及La3+在其中的作用,为发展新型的水体富营养化治理技术提供理论和实践依据。主要研究结rare earth magnets果如下：

 1.浮萍生长和繁殖过程中能够吸收水体中的N、P从而起到净化富营养化水体的作用；当培养液的N浓度为10～50mg/L、P浓度为0.5～8mg/L范围内,浮萍吸收N、P的能力随N、P浓度增加而提高；在N浓度为50mg/L、P浓度为15mg/L条件下培养,浮萍生长及净化水体的效果最佳。

 2.浮萍净化水体的能力与浮萍生长状况有密切关系,而培养时间是决定浮萍生长状况的最主要因素,本实验体系中培养6d时的浮萍生长状况最好。

 3.浮萍叶绿素b含量对体内La3+含量变化敏感,培养液中La3+浓度为1.0mg/L时,浮萍体内La3+含量达到181μg/g FW,此时叶绿素b含量显著增加,达0.2mg/g FW,比对照组(CK,0.14mg/g FW)提高42.9%,暗示La3+可能通过促进合成天线色素而上调植物光合功能；但浮萍体内La3+含量对叶绿素a及类胡萝卜素含量的影响不显著。

 当浮萍体内La3+含量达到181μg/g FW时,浮萍SOD比活性[18.16U/(min·mgPr.)]则显著下降,比CK组[26.29U/(min·mg Pr.)]降低30.9%,O2-产生速率显著上升,达16.03μg/(min·g FW),比CK组[12.68μg/(min·g FW)]增加26.4%；同时,浮萍NR活性[39.23μg/(h·g FW)]显著下降,比CK组[42.1μg/(h·g FW)]下降6.8%。表明http://www.chinamagnets.biz/随着水体中La3+浓度的提高,浮萍体内的La3+逐渐积累,浮萍体内活性氧代谢和氮代谢出现紊乱,导致其可能受到潜在的过氧化伤害。

 综上结果表明,水体中一定浓度的La3+能够促进浮萍的生长和代谢,从而有利于利用浮萍生长和繁殖净化富营养化水体,但La3+浓度超过1.0mg/L时,La3+对浮萍生长和代谢的抑制作用显现,存在强化水体富营养化的潜在可能性。
学位年度:2010

Multi-Objective Optimization and Intelligent Fuzzy Control of Structural Vibration Control

Multi-Objective Optimization and Intelligent Fuzzy Control of Structural Vibration Control
　　Being a kind of active and effective countermeasure against undesirable excitations such as seismic or strong wind, structural vibration control technology is one of the hotspots in the research field of civil engineering. Considering some existing problems in theoretical study and practical application of structural control system, the work in this study mainly consists of three parts: the first part deals with multi-objective optimization of control system based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique and evolutionary algorithm, including optimization design of controller and integrated optimization design of controllers and actuators; the second part focuses on the intelligent vibration control strategies for nonlinear structure, in which adaptive fuzzy logic control and intelligent fault tolerant rare earth magnets control (FTC) are proposed; finally, based on application of vibration control system for important engineering structure, numerical analysis and experimental study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of those methodologies.
　　The main contents of this dissertation are listed as follows:1. To improving the traditional design method of controller, in which the parameters of controller are determined by repeated calculation, multi-objective variance control is investigated for structural vibration control based on the LMI optimization technique and variance control theory. The stationary filtered white noise-controlled structure-controller is simulated using extended state space model, in which the influence of external exciting is taken into account. The general expression of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are deduced to satisfy the closed-loop poles and the steady variance responses of structure and control force with certain constraints assigned in advance. LMI Toolbox of MATALB is employed for solving those LMIs to get the state feedback and output feedback controller. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.2. Based on the LMI optimization technique and robust control theory, the robust H2/H∞control strategy is investigated to cope with the uncertainty of dynamic characteristic of the structure, in which the uncertainty is taken into account in advance. In the process of controller design, uncertain parameters of structure are introduced into perturbation matrix, meanwhile, both the H disturbance suppression and the optimal H2 performances of the closed-loop control system are satisfied simultaneously for all allowable uncertainties. To solve the proposed multi-objective optimization problem, LMIs are also http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ deduced based on the LMI optimization technique. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed controller is of strong robustness.
　　3. Aimed at the disadvantage of traditional optimization method, such that the placement and controller are optimized sequentially, single objective is considered, a new integrated design and multi-objective optimization method for active control system based on a pareto genetic algorithms and random vibration theory is proposed, in which both the controller and actuator allocation can be optimized simultaneously. Random seismic excitation is simulated by the stationary filtered white noise, and then the root-mean square (RMS) quantities of structural responses and active control forces are obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation in the state space. LQG algorithm is employed herein. Minimization of the maximal RMS displacement and acceleration which are normalized by the uncontrolled counterparts, together with minimizing the sum of RMS control force of actuators, have been used as the three objective functions for multi-objective optimization. The effects of structural parameters and excitation characteristic are considered in the multi-objective optimization procedure, and number-based zoning control method is also proposed for determining the number of actuators. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed integrated design and optimization method is simple, efficient and practical, and of good universality.4. Based on adaptive control theory and intelligent fuzzy control, variable universe adaptive fuzzy control (VUAFLC) algorithm is put forward to improve the performance of traditional FLC, and the adaptive law of output universes is developed based on Lyapunov function method. Benchmark structural control problem for a seismically excited highway bridge is used as a numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Furthermore, VUAFLC is integrated with clipped-optimal control algorithm for semi-active control system with MR damper. Results http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ show that MR damper can achieve almost the same control performance as active control system, which promises a good prospect of popularization and application of semi-active MR dampers.
　　5. An intelligent fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy is investigated for MR semi-active control system with sensor failure. Performance and effectiveness of the control system are protected in case of sensor failure. Based on the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), sensor failure can be on-line detected and switching control strategy of determining the commanded voltage for MR dampers is proposed. When sensor is healthy, voltage determined by FLC will be applied to the corresponding MR damper. On the other hand, if sensor has failed and will be detected using ANFIS, switch is activated and passive-on voltage will be applied to MR damper. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and some useful conclusions are also obtained.6. On the background of application of HMD control system for important engineering structure, HMD control system model base on permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) for experimental study is designed and manufactured to verify the effectiveness of the control system and the proposed control strategies mentioned above, while the uncertainty of mass of TMD is taken into account to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control strategies. Based on lots of test for AMD and shaking table test, the reasonable theoretical model have been established and some control strategies have been designed, including LQG, robust H2/H∞, FLC, VUAFLC and ANFIS control. Finally, experimental verification studies are conducted to test the performance of the proposed HMD control system and control strategies, and comparative analysis of control strategies is also discussed, which provides a foundation for engineering application of HMD control system.

The Purification of Boric Acid and Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Borate Whiskers and Phosphors

The Purification of Boric Acid and Preparation and Characterization of Aluminum Borate Whiskers and Phosphors
　　Boron compounds are an important series of products in the inorganic salts industry. The relative of products development and theory researches have become a hot topic, especially in the high tech domains, such as the Aerospace etc for many years. Boric acid is widely used in the boron compounds, not only its functional value, but also it is an essential raw materials for the synthesization of boron functional products. However, the impurities of boric acid has been limited its range of use, but also greatly limited the purification technology of boric acid in the domestic. Currently, some special purposes boric acid, such as optical materials and so on, basically depends on imports in rare earth magnets the domestic markets. Considering our country owns massive boron resources (storage level stands third in the world), this dissertation, that is based on the national and liaoning province’s boron resources developmental strategy, develops the removal of iron impurties of boric acid and the synthesis of aluminoborate functional materials.
　　The main frame construction of dissertation is that:To take industrial boric acid as raw material develops the removal of iron impurties of boric acid which takes electro-optical level special-purpose boric acid as target. Based on this, it combines high pure aluminum alkoxide to research on the synthesis of aluminum borate whiskers and its fluorescence materials which solved key technologies and the technology based question, to promote boric acid and containing boron functional materials performance, as well as expands its application domains to provide the technical supports and the theory basis. The results are listed below:1. Use the complexation-crystallization method to conduct the directional purification of boric acid. Based on chemical solubility product and complexing balanced theory, the purified technology of complexation-crystallization, which applies the different solubility of boric acid at different temperature and crystal characteristic, has been proposed. The experiment has studied the types of complexant, amounts and solvent systems etc to affect the removal of iron impurities of boric acid, also studied technical conditions such as crystal temperatures, crystal ways, crystal time to control surface absorption or smuggles of impurities. ICP-AES, UV-Vis-IR adsorption were used to characterize the products. Having formed technical system of the complexation-crystallization method to remove iron impurities of boric acid through the experimental datum induction and theoretical analysis, the iron content of boric acid reduces from 100ug/g to lug/g; the purity of boric acid increases from 98.7% to 99.9%. Simultaneously, calcium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, titanium, copper imprities have been removed. This technology has been used to produce the special optical glass in chengdu some enterprise.2. To base on high pure boric acid and high pure aluminum alkoxide as reactants study the synthesis of aluminum borate whiskers. The traditional aluminum borate whiskers have been used inorganic aluminum sources, boric acid and boron oxide etc as raw materials. The dissertation, that studys formative reaction rule and crystal characteristic of aluminum borate, besides the consideration of the characteristic of raw material purity, replaces the inorganic aluminum sources with aluminum isopropoxide and combine solated superfine characteristic of aluminum isopropoxide, simultaneously, considering traditional aluminum source to form the comparison. Experimental study focused on the aluminum borate whiskers to control the crystal structure and morphology to grope the optimized synthetic method of aluminum borate whiskers.
　　The technical conditions such as, molar ration Al/B, calcination temperature, calcination times, different aluminum sources, etc, which have affected the crystal structures and morphology formation, have been systematically investigated. TG-DTG, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM were used to characterize the products. The results showed that high-purity raw materials can improve the cleanliness of the products surface and maintain the consistency of dimensions, replacing the traditional inorganic aluminum sources with the aluminum alkoxide can reduce the diameters of aluminum borate whiskers, increasing the aspect ration. In the optimal synthesis conditions, the whiskers are very neat and straight with an diameter ranging from 200 to 300nm and lengths ranging from 3 to 5μm, aspect ratio is greater than 10. This research provides the foundation for the following the synthesis of rare earth doping in aluminoborate.In addition, in view of the high temperature synthesis of aluminum borate whiskers by solid state reaction, combustion synthesis of Al18B4O33 Whiskers has been demonstrated through a rational chemical reaction, which realized the low temperature synthesis of Al18B4O33 Whiskers by urea as combustion agent. Comparing to the high temperature solid state reaction, combustion http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ method reduces the reaction temperature 200℃to provide a new idea for the synthesis of aluminum borate whiskers research.3. Synthesis and characterization of rare earth doped aluminum borate phosphor. Al18B4O33 Whiskers ion-coating and gel nano-coating methods are synthesized Al18B4O33:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphors, respectively. Comparing with Al18B4O33 Whiskers ion-coating method, gel nano-coating method abtainning products have a more uniform appearance and more luminous intensity. Therefore, this dissertation mainly focuses on the gel nano-coating method to synthesize Al18B4O33:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphors. Considering traditional aluminum source to form the comparison and the technical conditions such as, molar ration Al/B, purity of raw materials, calcination temperature, calcination times, etc, which have affected Al18B4O33:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphor luminescence intensity.
　　The results showed that high purity of raw materials can increase the luminous intensity of the product and traditional inorganic aluminum salts are replaced with aluminum alkoxide to solve agglomeration disadvantages of high temperature solid state method. The fluorophor coexists the crystal phase Al18B4O33 and the aluminoborate glass phase and Eu3+, Tb3+ ions are incorporated into aluminobarate glass phase. When the molar ratio Al/B is equal to 1:1, it found that the emission spectra of Eu3+,Tb3+ co-doped Al18B4O33 samples significantly enhance the red light, indicating the phosphor existence of Tb3+ to Eu3+ energy transfer by comparing the Eu3+,Tb3+ co-doped Al18B4O33 with Eu3+ single-doped Al18B4O33.In addition, It uses gel nano-coating method to synthesize Eu3+, Tb3+ excitation GdAl3(BO3)4 high-purity ultra-fine red and green phosphors, basing on structural diversity from the realization of rare-earth ions Eu3+, Tb3+ doping aluminum borate crystal substrate to improve luminous efficiency and color purity. Experimental study focused on the Gd3+ concentration to affect the binary system Al2O3-B2O3 crystal structure and luminescence properties to determine the optimal performance of the phosphors. The results showed that Al2O3-B2O3 binary system http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ turned into the hexagonal GdAl3(BO3)4 from the orthorhombic Al18B4O33, while GdAl3(BO3)4 crystal phase content increased with the increasing of Gd3+ content. Moreover, Gd3+ has the sensitization to Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescence, Gd3+ also has a certain degree of quenching concentration.

The Bohai Bay is a semi-enclosed epicontinental sea in the southwestern Bohai Sea

The Bohai Bay is a semi-enclosed epicontinental sea in the southwestern Bohai Sea. With experienced rapid industrial developments, marine environmental quality of the Bohai Bay has seen a major decline due to the increase of populations and pollutants. Sediment samples were collected at 27 stations and two cores of Bohai Bay, North China in 2008. Sequential extractions have been carried out. Combining with heavy metals in sea water and ecological environmental information, a series of results and viewpoints with regard to biogeochemical characteristics of major and trace elements were presented, going with ecological risk and controlling factors:1. Geochemical characteristics and NASC patterns of REE in sediment were discussed in detail to reveal the source and their main regulating factors, and a large flood event can be reflected by the burial fluxes of REEThe total REE fluctuate slightly in rare earth magnets Bohai Bay sediment. Four labile phases were leached in Exchangeable (L1), Bound to carbonates (L2), Bound to Fe-Mn oxides (L3), Bound to organic matter (L4), and the remainder was Residual (R5). Percentages of fractions followed the order: R5> L3> L2> L4> L1. Sediments in Bohai Bay were mainly composed of clay and silt. Leached REE would rather enrich in the fine-grained particles.
　　Normalized to North American Shale Composite (NASC), REE generally indicated significantly negtive Eu anomaly, showing no significant fractionations of REE. According to REE patterns and Y/Ho ratios of samples, REE are not anthropogenic or oceanic sources but riverine input, whereas suitable environment varieties can slightly affect the patterns and fractionations of REE, espacially for L2.Based on the distributions and burial fluxes of REE, it reflected that there was a large flood event in 1939, followed by the decreasing discharge of sediments from then on.2. Geochemical characteristics of heavy metals in sea water and sediment were discussed to reveal their sources, main regulating factors and ecological risk. Based on total contents of heavy metals, the quality of Bohai Bay sediment was good, while there were different results from fraction view, that was, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb all were in potential ecological risk. It suggested that the quality of sediment should be estimated not only by total contents but also by concentrations in fraction. The contents of heavy metals (except Pb) was low in central area while high inshore especailly near Haihe estuary. Heavy metals mainly came from river input, while the source of Pb were composed of river input and atmospheric deposition. Heavy metals in sediments were mainly concentrated in the middle region with fine particle. According to sedimentary data and vertical distribution of heavy metal, there were several break which could be corresponding as follow:
　　The lowest level occurred in 1939 http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ resulting from the flood of Haihe basin; there was another flood in 1963 resulting in the decreasing of heavy metals by the dilution of flood; the contents of heavy metals kept increasing from 1963. Percentages of fractions followed the order: R5 >L3 >L2 >L4 >L1. Labile heavy metals were enriched near the estuary of Haihe River.The order of enrichment factors (EF) of heavy metals was Pb> Cd> Zn> Cr> V> Co> Cu> Ni. And the EF of Pb, Cd and Zn were above 1, suggesting that they could be polluted by exterior input. The ratios of labile and residual fraction showed that V and Cr were clean, Zn was mostly clean or in slightly polluted, Co was mostly slightly polluted, Cu and Ni were polluted in different levels at different stations, Pb was polluted heaviest in all heavy metals. In conclusion, the ecological risk of Bohai Bay was low and indicated that the sediment quality was relatively good in general. What have been studied on ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment suggested that the level of polluted sediment should be related to labile fractions of heavy metals, not simply employing the total content of heavy metals.3. Distributions of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in Bohai Bay sediment were initially elucidated to reflect the influence of riverine input and filtrate the main factor indicating environmental changes. Li/Ba and Rb/Sr are good indicators reflecting the environmental change.Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was terrestrial input that held the key factor controlling the distribution of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, suitable environmental varieties and sedimentary conditions can slightly affect the distributions. In different fractions, the R5 percentage of Rb, Cs, Ba were much higher than the sum of other fractions; while the L2 percentage of Sr was higher than R5, suggesting Sr was relatively sensitive to the environmental conditions.The significant enrichment of Sr and Ca can be explained that carbonate played an important role in Bohai Bay, the Sr/Ba ratio showed that core A6 was much more influenced by the decomposition of biology than core A2. The vertical distributions of Rb/Sr and Li/Ba showed that there were two floods in 1939 and 1963, resulting in the increasing input of Sr and Ba.
　　The decreasing ratios of Rb/Sr and Li/Ba suggested that Sr and Ba were transferring into Bohai Bay more and more, and the ratios of Rb/Sr and Li/Ba in A6 were lower than those in A2, indicating that Rb/Sr and Li/Ba were also transferring from coastal area to the middle of Bohai Bay.4. Labile fractions of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf were discussed to reveal that he specific ratios of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf could account for the environmental change in Bohai Bay, such as the floods and the sandiness input. The environmental change could promote the fractionation of Nb and Ta, but the effect was much less on Zr and Hf.Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf in Bohai Bay sediments were mainly concentrated in the middle region with fine particle. Percentages of fractions followed the order Nb: R5>> L4> L3> L1> L2; Ta:R5>> L1> L2> L3> L4; Zr: R5>> L4> L3 > L1> L2; Hf: R5>> L4> L3> L2> L1. In different fractions, the R5 percentage almost control the total contents of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, while labile fractions can be used to indicate the environmental change. Ta preferred to exist in inorganic fractions, such as L1 and L2, and Ta can be easily combined in organic fractions, such as L3 and L4. The combinative ability of Zr in labile fraction was similar with that of Hf.Based on the vertical distribution of Ti/Nb, the environmental evens that affect core A2 were as follow: Yellow River changing its route to the south in 1938, the flood of northern Haihe http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ drainage basin in 1939 and the flood of southern Haihe drainage basin in 1963. The environmental evens that have impacted A6 were Yellow River changing its route to the north in 1947 and the flood in heavy sandiness from 1984 to 1990. Recently the environment of Bohai Bay changed relatively, which could lead to the fractionations of Nb and Ta in labile fraction were more and more, especially for L4. But the change of environment played less impact on the fractionation of Zr and Hf in labile fractions.

内蒙古赤峰市金蟾山金矿床成矿机制与成矿构造背景研究

题名:内蒙古赤峰市金蟾山金矿床成矿机制与成矿构造背景研究
作者:彭丽娜
学位授予单位:中国地质大学
关键词:金蟾山金矿;;埃达克质岩;;矿床机制;;伸展背景
摘要:

 金蟾山金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘东段赤峰-朝阳金矿化集中区。区域内主要出露太古界建平群及元古界明安山群变质岩；中生界中侏罗系至白垩系砂砾岩、火山碎屑岩及凝灰岩；以及新生界上第三系和第四系地层。研究区海西-燕山期岩浆活动强烈,并以中酸性岩类为主,各类脉岩广泛发育。东西向深大断裂和北东、北北东向断隆断陷带控制了区内岩浆岩和矿床的分布。区内金矿点近百处,已开采的金矿rare earth magnets床十几处。

 矿区出露地层主要为晚太古代建平群、元古宙明安山群变质岩以及第四系沉积物。区内岩浆岩主要为安家营子花岗岩,后期发育大量脉岩,以流纹斑岩最为发育。控矿构造为一系列北东-北北东向平行侧列产出的断裂。矿体呈脉状产于断裂构造中,产状与断裂一致。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿等,金矿物主要为银金矿,其次为自然金和金银矿。脉石矿物以石英为主,其次为绿泥石、绢云母、钾长石、高岭土及碳酸盐等。矿石结构主要有自形-半自形、他形粒状结构、包含结构、交代结构以及碎裂结构等。构造类型主要有块状、斑杂状、浸染状、细脉浸染状、细脉-网脉状及条带状构造等。围岩蚀变发育,主要有钾长石化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、硅化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化等。该矿床可以划分为内生期和表生期两个成矿期,内生期又可进一步分为石英—黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段和石英-黄铁矿-碳酸盐三个成矿阶段。

 与成矿密切相关的安家营子花岗岩SiO2含量为60.70%～68.01%,MgO 0.41%～2.44%；具高Al2O3≥15%和Sr(488×10-6～686×10-6)、低Y(9.04×10-6～18.60×10-6)和Yb(0.84×10-6～1.76×10-6)特点,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土(La/Yb) N=17.62-56.11)和高场强元素及弱的负Eu异常等,与中国东部埃达克质岩的地球化学特征相似。主要氧化物Harker图解及主微量元素Al2O3 (SiO2)/CaO-Na2O/CaO、Ce/Rb-La/Rb等协变图解具有良好的线性演化关系,指示岩浆源区可能存在混合作用；这与花岗岩中含椭球状暗色包体、且包体中含花岗岩成分,镜下观察见花岗岩中黑云母斑晶含长针状磷灰石、角闪石斑晶中包裹黑云母、长石具有反环带以及暗色包体内含钾长石大斑晶等组成所揭示的岩浆混合信息一致。全岩ISr(t)变化于0.7055～0.7060、εNd(t)为-8.19,同位素组成具沿地http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php幔演化线分布特点；铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb=17.194-17.288,207Pb/204Pb=15.340-15.391, 208Pb/204Pb=37.243-37.392,构造模式图解显示其主要位于下地壳和地幔演化线之间或地幔与造山带演化线之间,线性分布特点明显,共同表明安家营子花岗岩具壳幔混合特征。综合岩相学、主微量元素地球化学及同位素地球化学结果可知：岩石成因与俯冲板片的部分熔融、玄武质岩浆的地壳混染与分离结晶过程(AFC)以及拆沉榴辉岩相下地壳的部分熔融熔融模式相区别,而其源区过程可能为底侵高温岩浆促使早期底侵形成的玄武质下地壳和/或古老下地壳部分熔融,两者混合形成埃达克质熔体。定量模型计算表明,安家营子花岗岩演化过程中斜长石和黑云母、锆石等矿物的分离结晶对微量元素的变化产生了显著影响。

 矿石石英流体包裹体的H-O同位素δ18O水=2.1‰～8.4‰、δD水为-96.5‰～-80‰,方解石δ180水为-7.5‰～8.3‰,δD水介于-102‰～54‰,表明金蟾山金矿床成矿流体主要为岩浆水,后期有大气降水的混合。黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿的S同位素δ34S值为-2.6‰～+7.6‰,峰值0‰～+1‰,均值+1.6‰,塔式效应明显,具岩浆硫特点。Pb同位素206Pb/204Pb=17.088-17.591、207Pb/204Pb=15.367-15.578、208Pb/204Pb=37.167-38.091,与安家营子岩体铅同位素组成一致,表明成矿物质来源于深源岩浆。以上同位素结果均表明金成矿与安家营子花岗岩具有密切的成因联系。石英流体包裹体的均一温度为220～380℃,盐度为4.0～40.1ω(NaCl)%,流体包裹体密度集中于0.66～0.87g/cm3,压力和深度估算分别为21.16～34.19Mpa、0.80～1.29 km,属浅成成矿环境。由包裹体气液相成分可知金蟾山金矿床成矿流体属H2O-CO2-KCl-NaCl型,金以硫化物络合物迁移为主。以下两种机制可导致金的沉淀：(1)深部高温成矿流体与大气降水混合,流体冷却,引起金硫络合物平衡的破坏,是金沉淀的主要机理；(2)含矿流体沿破碎带迁移过程中,水岩反应和成矿流体中Fe2+、Zn2+、Pb2+等的沉淀,导致pH、fO2和硫的总浓度的降低,引起金硫络合物平衡的破坏,导致金沉淀。

 金蟾山金矿床直接的赋矿围岩安家营子花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为132±5Ma,矿田内广泛发育的流纹斑岩脉大部分与金矿脉、矿化蚀变带平行分布,局部可见其侵入到矿化蚀变带中,侵位时代比金矿化时代略晚或同期,其锆石U-Pb年龄为124.9～126.5Ma,从而将金矿成矿时代限定在132～126Ma之间,属燕山晚期。这一时期与中国东部岩石圈减薄、剧烈的岩浆活动及成矿大爆发等地质事件相吻合,表明金蟾山金矿床与我国胶东、小秦岭等地金矿床类似,是深部岩石圈破坏的成矿响应。安家营子花岗岩携带的深部成矿物质沿北北东向(红山-八里罕?)断裂上升侵位,岩浆期后成矿热液充填于北东、北北东向断裂中,形成了金蟾山主要工业矿体。
学位年度:2010

solid acid catalyst and γ-butyrolactone benzene gas-solid phase synthesis of α-tetralone reaction

Title: solid acid catalyst and γ-butyrolactone benzene gas-solid phase synthesis of α-tetralone reaction Author: Wang deposited Degree-granting unit: Zhejiang University Keywords: FC reaction;; microporous molecular sieve;; γ-butyrolactone;; α-tetralone;; gas-solid reaction;; fixed-bed reactor Summary: α-tetralone is an important synthetic intermediates that can be used antidepressant Sertraline, different contraceptive norethindrone - ethinyl estradiol tablets ether, pesticides carbaryl, synthetic plastic softener. The existing literature shows that the air oxidation of tetralin, and benzene and γ-butyrolactone in AlCl_3 the catalyst to generate α-tetralone, but the air oxidation of tetralin conversion rate is low, AlCl_3 catalyst corrosion of equipment, pollution of the rare earth magnets environment and difficult to re-use and other issues, the reaction requires further green. In recent years, molecular sieve in acid-catalyzed FC reaction has been more attention. Zeolite is an important solid acid, has a certain acidity, rules and larger pore surface area, in the petrochemical, fine chemicals widely used synthetic field. May be needed, but the nature of the molecular sieve was modified to change its acidity and pore structure. Zeolite has a high thermal stability, high temperature burn off carbon deposits by means regeneration, reducing industrial costs. This paper mainly studies of benzene in a fixed bed reactor and the reaction of γ-butyrolactone, physical and chemical properties of the catalyst characterization system were compared, and discussed the acid-catalyzed reactions under the conditions of the law, proposed a possible reaction mechanism of micro- . Main contents and results are as follows: 1 impregnation method using an equal volume of the load to the ZnCl_2 γ-Al_2O_3 and activated carbon surface, the heteropoly acid H_3PW_ (12) O_ (40) load to the 7-Al_2O_3 surface, the gas-solid fixed bed reactor evaluation reactivity of the catalyst, the results showed that: ① 33.3% ZNCl_2/γ-Al_2O_3 and 33.3% ZnCl_2 / C on the gas-phase benzene and the reaction γ-butyrolactone with high catalytic activity, but 33.3% H_3PW_ (12) O_ (40) / γ-Al_2O_3 The catalytic reaction can not. ② 33.3% ZnCl_2/Al_2O_3 reaction at different temperatures showed that in the 300-360 ℃ range, γ-butyrolactone conversion rate was negatively correlated with temperature relationship. α-tetralone selectivity and yield is very low, the product, in addition to C benzene, 2 - D acid and α-tetralone there are more than 30% outside the product of the reaction mechanism is very complex. (2) of acidic zeolite and γ-butyrolactone benzene gas-solid reaction has a significant catalytic effect of zeolite catalysts results are quite different, but the main product is the C benzene (including benzene, cumene and n-propyl) , 2 - D acid and α-tetralone. Which HZSM5 Zeolite generated tetralone with high selectivity and stability, provides a synthesis of α-tetralone new method. Discussed in detail the reaction conditions on conversion, yield or selectivity, and possible reaction mechanism was proposed; In addition, HZSM5 (Si / Al = 50) of the hydrothermal treatment, heat treatment, phosphate and rare earth modified modified also carried out a more detailed examination. Main The results are: ① HZSM5 zeolite catalytic gas-phase benzene and γ-butyrolactone response to silica-alumina ratio Si / Al = 50 the best response to the results, HZSM5 (Si / Al = 50) occurred during the reaction inactivation, high temperature leads to burning or O_2 air to carbon can be regenerated catalyst regeneration that has good repeatability. ② modified phosphoric acid, water, heat treatment, heat treatment, and rare earth modified zeolites and other methods can improve the catalytic activity, while the product selectivity is not greatly affected. Modified heat treatment and heat treatment with http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ water to get a high activity and stability. ③ benzene and γ-butyrolactone gas-solid reaction of the possible reaction mechanism is: γ-butyrolactone first ring-opening reaction of benzene with 4-phenyl butyric acid, 4 - phenyl butyric acid intramolecular acylation reaction, cyclization to generate α-tetralone. Benzene and γ-butyrolactone gas-solid reaction mechanism may be ER. Generated during the reaction of propylene and 2 - crotonic aggregation may occur, leading to inactivation of the main molecular sieve. 3 were used NH_3-TPD, BET, XRD, and O_2-TG and other methods of acidic zeolites and modified zeolite characterization, the results showed that: ① different SiO2/Al2O3 of HZSM5 zeolite, silica-alumina greater than the smaller amount of acid. ② rare earth elements modified, high-temperature calcination, hydrothermal treatment and acid modification and other methods can reduce the total amount of acid zeolites HZSM5 and strong acid sites and the number of weak acid, but does not affect the HZSM5 zeolite surface phase structure. ③ HZSM5 (Si / Al = 50) before and after reaction and regeneration in the surface phase structure has not changed, indicating that inactivation is mainly due to molecular sieve product coke or coke. Degree Year: 2010

Infrared spectral characterization of materials

Title: Infrared spectral characterization of materials
Author: Yang Mingyue
Degree-granting unit: Changchun University of Technology
Key words: rare earth doped;; fluorescence spectroscopy;; fluorescence lifetime
Summary:
With the infrared optical glass doped with rare earth elements in the defense, medical, aerospace, equipment and other areas increasingly popular, the optical identification of the finished material to measure material properties for the pros and cons as well as new materials to the development of ideas has played a decisive role. Spectral characteristics of optical materials as rare earth magnets a measure of symbolic means, the fluorescence emission spectra as well as for the detection of the fluorescence lifetime of research and improvement of test methods is particularly important.
In this paper, the semiconductor laser diode as a pump light source, optical company with Zhuoli Han grating monochromator and photodetector match, in the various test results of samples than the latter summarizes some of the tests can interfere with the measurement results of factors. At last, conclusions built for doped Nd ~ (3) and Yb ~ (3) ions of the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ glass and powder samples of 800m-1500mn band fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime measurement system. After comparison with the literature that use this system the measured data to be authentic.
Degree Year: 2010

Inner Mongolia, Liu dam GOLD genesis and prospecting mineralogy mineralogy

Title: Inner Mongolia, Liu dam GOLD genesis and prospecting mineralogy mineralogy
Author: Zhang Yan
Degree-granting units: China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
Keywords: Genesis;; ore mineralogy;; mineral standard type;; metallogenic prognosis;; Liu dam ditch;; Inner Mongolia
Summary:
Willow Dam gold deposit in Inner Mongolia in the ditch margin of North China, is a typical K-feldspar with extensive development into an important feature of the gold deposit. In this paper, based on the analysis of geological conditions, through the quartz, feldspar and pyrite containing gold and other major causes of mineralogy and mineral prospecting system rare earth magnets mineralogical study of ore-forming hydrothermal sources and mineralization law, and deep mining exploration prospects were predicted.
Pyrite shows the thermoelectric coefficient are N-type conductivity type, formed mainly in the temperature of 310 ℃ ~ 330 ℃. Lattice parameters a0 value is between 0.54167 ~ 0.54214nm, slightly larger than the theoretical value. a0 value increases gradually with increasing depth, and a0 and the host rock of Au grade showed a positive correlation. Pyrite with a strong enrichment of Mo, Pb, a strong loss of Rb, Zr, Nb, Th and other elements of its main features. Pyrite low As, Se content of the standard-type gold deposits of the important features.
Thermal glow curves of quartz mainly a single peak and less Xu Shuangfeng characterized integral intensity is low. Temperature range of heat-emitting T1 (160 ~ 220 ℃) ​​and T2 (220 ~ 280 ℃), and the T2 interval-based. Quartz cell slightly larger than the theoretical value of the parameter values, decreases with elevation above sea level, the cell parameters have corresponding degree of reduction. Quartz was enriched Mo, Pb, As, Sr, Ba and other elements, including Mo + Pb + As content and Au was positively correlated with the relationship. Higher levels of Sr and Ba ore-forming fluids and the rock show had a strong K-feldspar and water-rock interactions.
K-feldspar are in between feldspar and feldspar between the largest or the largest feldspar, potassium feldspar Liu dam ditch ditch a higher degree of order Bi Hada door. Liu dam close to the ditch and K-feldspar mineralization Or is 92.2% ~ 96.2%, Ab 3.8% to 7.8%, and Hada ditch near the same gate.
Closely related to Au mineralization of three of the minerals (pyrite, quartz, feldspar) the basic characteristics of rare earth elements are shown as a http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ very significant positive Eu anomaly, gently inclined to the right type of light REE enrichment, indicating fluid is high, relative reduction characteristics. Their REE patterns with large birch back granite veins are very similar, inferred magmatic hydrothermal mineralization played an important role for the ore-forming hydrothermal type gold deposits in high temperature, K-feldspar enrichment of Au mineralization played an important role.
By pyrite, quartz and potassium feldspar characteristics of the standard model, suggesting that the mining area in the east for the next 313 Vein key areas of exploration, ore body has been exposed at or near the location with alkali account, with account of the upper part of the hydrogen and silicified zone, have already suffered some degree of erosion, the door of the Bi Hada ditch mine geological conditions, that the deep to find this account possibility of altered rock type gold great.
Degree Year: 2010

新型掺稀土KLu（WO_4）_2晶体生长与性能研究

题名:新型掺稀土KLu（WO_4）_2晶体生长与性能研究
作者:陈良
学位授予单位:长春理工大学
关键词:Ho，Yb:KLuW晶体;;Er，Yb:KLuW晶体;;顶部籽晶提拉法;;光谱分析
摘要:
 钬镱双掺钨酸镥钾晶体[Ho,Yb:KLu(WO_4)_2,简称Ho,Yb:KLuW]和铒镱双掺钨酸镥钾晶体
[Er,Yb:KLu(WO_4)_2,简称Er,Yb:KLuW]是两种新型rare earth magnets的激光晶体,非常适合作为LD泵浦的新型固体激光
工作物质。
 本文用顶部籽晶提拉法(TSSG),以K_2W_2O_7作助熔剂,生长出了Ho,Yb:KLuW晶体和
Er,Yb:KLuW晶体。从生长方法的选择、原料的预处理、晶体的生长以及退火工艺、晶体结构及光谱
特性等方面对其进行了研究。通过XRD测试,验证了两种晶体均属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。两种晶体
的晶胞参数分别为a=10.562(?)、b=10.244(?)、c=7.480(?),β=130.60°和a=10.567(?)、
b=10.238(?)、c=7.482(?),β=130.65°。测试了两种晶体的红外光谱和Raman光谱,分析了晶体的振
动模式,并对出现的振动模http://www.chinamagnets.biz/式进行了归属。测定了晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,Ho,Yb:KLuW晶体在
952nm和981nm处有较强、较宽的吸收峰,Er,Yb:KLuW晶体的主要吸收峰为931nm和979nm。Ho,Yb:KLuW
晶体的最强发射波长为2043nm,Er,Yb:KLuW晶体在1541nm和1547nm处有很强的发射峰,两种晶体都适
合用InGaAs半导体激光器泵浦。
学位年度:2010

冷变形及热处理对Cu-12%Fe合金组织与性能的影响

题名:冷变形及热处理对Cu-12%Fe合金组织与性能的影响
作者:陈翼
学位授予单位:浙江大学
关键词:Cu-12%Fe合金;;显微组织;;力学性能;;电学性能;;热处理;;稀土元素
摘要:
 本文采用强烈冷拉拔结合预备热处理工艺rare earth magnets制备了双相纤维复合Cu-12%Fe合金,研究了合金在
不同变形量下预备热处理、中间热处理和最终热处理工艺以及稀土元素对Cu-12%Fe合金组织与性能
的影响。
 铸态Cu-12%Fe合金组织由Cu基体及树枝状的Fe晶粒组成。铸态Cu-12%Fe合金经固
溶时效或均匀化处理后,初生树枝状Fe晶粒分布趋于弥散,Cu基体枝晶偏析得到有效消除,内应力下降
,同时促进了次生Fe相的析出。
 合金经拉拔变形后,Cu基体及Fe枝晶逐渐转为沿拉拔的轴向排列
,并拉长变形成纤维状,Fe相发生卷曲成为薄片状的纤维组织。随着冷变形的进行,Cu纤维和Fe纤维在
线拉方向和径向方向形成不同的择优取向。Fe纤维的厚度,宽度和间距均随变形量的增加呈指数降低
,Cu/Fe相界面密度随Fe纤维宽厚比的增加而呈指数增加。在变形量小于6.0时,Fe相应变随变形量线
性增加,而变形量大于6.0时,Fe相应变则偏离这种线性关系。
 Cu-12%Fe合金的抗拉强度与硬度均
随变形量的增加而升高,强度和硬度与Fe纤维间距之间均满足Hall-Petch关系。Cu-12%Fe合金的室温
相对电导率随着变形量增加而减小,合金的相界面散射为合金电阻率增加的主要因素。
 预备热
处理工艺对合金铸态组织的细化使合金在冷变形过程中纤维细化更加充分,变形更加均匀,排列也更
加紧密。在冷拉拔变形前引入合适的预备热处理工艺能够有效地提高合金的强度水平和电导率。经
中间热处理的Cu-12%Fe相对于未经中间热处理的合金,Fe相变形较为均匀,抗拉强度和电导率也处于
较高水平。但经中间热处理的合金电导率的下降速率高于未经中间热处理的合金,以至于在剧烈冷变
形后经中间热处理的合金http://www.chinamagnets.biz/电导率反而较低。对大变形量的Cu-12%Fe合金进行不同温度的退火,随着退
火温度的升高,合金的强度、硬度和弹性模量逐渐降低,而电导率和塑性变形能力逐渐上升。

在Cu-12%Fe合金中添加0.1%的稀土元素可以细化初生Fe枝晶,稀土元素能提高合金的弹性模量,但是
会降低合金的抗拉强度和电导率。经过中间热处理后Cu-12%Fe-0.1%RE合金电导率得到显著的提高。
学位年度:2010

新型无镍白铜的开发及性能的研究

题名:新型无镍白铜的开发及性能的研究
作者:肖翔鹏
学位授予单位:江西理工大学
关键词:颜色;;Cu-Mn-Zn;;无镍白铜;;稀土;;正交实验;;抗拉强度;;伸长率
摘要:
 白铜是以镍为主要合金元素的铜合金,白铜不仅具有银白色的外观,而且具有优良的耐蚀性
和良好的力学性能及工艺性能,长期rare earth magnets以来被广泛用作弹性元件和与人体皮肤接触的拉链、眼睛架、硬
币等物品。由于镍对人体有致敏甚至致癌的影响,越来越多的国家开始限制甚至禁止使用含镍合金材
料制造与人体接触的产品,目前白铜正面临严峻的挑战,特别是2002年9月12日在Nature上报导了锌白
铜(Cu-Ni-Zn合金)材质的欧元硬币中的Ni引起皮疹和水疱后,Ni过敏问题更引起全社会的广泛关注。
因此开发新型的无镍白色铜合金(简称“无镍白铜”)显得尤为重要。
 高贵典雅的银白色金属光
泽是白铜的重要特征之一,因此,新型的“无镍白铜”除了具备常规的使用性能和工艺性能之外,还必
须满足颜色方面的要求。本文以Cu-Mn-Zn合金为研究对象,以无镍白色铜合金开发为研究目标,综合
考虑材料的使用性能加工性能和成本等因素,开发了Cu-Mn-Zn系列无镍白色铜合金。该系列合金不含
镍元素,不会对人体有致敏和致癌的影响。不含贵重元素,合金成分都是采用我国富有的元素。利用
锰的“漂白”或“褪色”的作用充分发挥锌提高合金明度、降低红色成分和改善熔铸性能的优点;加
入能进一步改善合金性能的铝元素,严格控制碳含量,从而形成了Cu-Mn-Zn系列无镍白色铜合金。定
量研究了Cu-Mn-Zn三元合金的颜色特征探讨了Mn、Zn和Al等合金元素对颜色和色泽稳定性能的影响,
开发出综合性能优良的新型Cu-Mn-Zn-Al系列无镍白色铜合金。
 本文还对添加不同稀土Ce
的Cu-Mn-Zn-Al合金进行加工工艺、性能及耐蚀性能的研究。对熔炼出来的合格铸锭进行热轧,用正
交实验法研究合金的退火温度及保温时间。通过对合金材料组织与性能进行了大量的综合实验,确定
最佳工艺。探讨稀土Ce对Cu-Mn-Zn-Al合金组织、性能及耐蚀性能的影响,得到了最佳的稀土添加量
。研究结论如下:
 通过元素对合金颜色和性能影响的正交实验,Cu-12Mn-8Zn-Al组织性能优
良。稀土Cu-12Mn-8Zn-Al合金热轧时,铸锭开坯温度为850℃,保温时间1h;中间退火温度为750℃,保
温时间2h。经过两次冷轧得到约0.3mm的带材。通过对正交实验数据及对合金金相的分析:合金(含
0.04Wt% Ce)按工艺(第一http://www.chinamagnets.biz/次退火为750℃×2h,第二次退火为700℃×2h。)处理后带材的综合性能最
佳,其抗拉强度为567.4MPa,伸长率为4.7%,洛氏硬度为85HRB。
 试验证明:适量稀土元素Ce的加入能
净化合金的基体和晶界、细化晶粒、提高合金的抗拉强度和提高合金的耐蚀性。稀土Cu-12Mn-8Zn-
Al在颜色和性能上达到了锌白铜的指标,可以在生产中使用这种低成本的合金来代替锌白铜。
学位年度:2010

Oriental armyworm enriched microsatellite library construction and screening genetic markers

Title: Oriental armyworm enriched microsatellite library construction and screening genetic markersAuthor: Zhang GuoyanDegree-granting units: Nanjing Agricultural UniversityKeywords: Oriental armyworm;; microsatellite;; DNA extraction;; microsatellite enriched library;; mutation;; genetic markersSummary:Oriental armyworm Pseudaletia separata (Walker) is a food crop in China and other Asian countries, one of the major pest, widely distributed all over the country. Oriental armyworm has a migratory, overeating and other features, easy to outbreaks of disaster. Scientists in China have their macro-migration law, migration behavior of the mechanism, the relationship between flight and reproductive conducted in-depth study, but its population is rarely involved in molecular genetics.Rare earth magnets  This study focused on microsatellite markers Oriental armyworm separation and identification, ready for future research tool for population genetics; the same time, the genome of the species in this study features and microsatellite variation for a more in-depth analysis and optimization of the Lepidoptera adult technical methods of DNA extraction.The traditional proteinase K + SDS + phenol extraction method and CTAB methods combined selected from natural populations of adult Oriental armyworm specimens preserved in ethanol to extract high-quality, high-yield method of genomic DNA, microsatellite markers for the preparative separation DNA samples required. Comparative study showed that traditional methods of extraction with CTAB + DNA, the middle of the abdomen to take 10-20 mg tissue samples to experiment with different populations of DNA products 68.42% -95.28% pass rate, the amount of DNA extraction qualified 5.59-10.04 mg / g, significantly higher conventional proteinase K + SDS lysis and http://www.chinamagnets.biz/faq.php phenol extraction method of 7.69% -40% and 2.83-5.78 mg / g. In addition, with hot NaOH method for rapid preparation for large-scale genotyping of DNA samples results show that the tissue samples for the chest and abdomen, with hot NaOH solution for 20 min, we can extract the required micro-satellite PCR amplification reaction DNA samples; for head tissue samples, treatment with hot NaOH solution 40-60 min is more appropriate. Comparative study showed that, from the hot NaOH method of DNA samples enriched microsatellite library in the build process fails, but the two samples as a template for PCR amplification of microsatellite genetic analyzer products in the same test results.The use of biotin-5 'labeled (CA) 15, (GA) 15, (ATG) 12, (GAT) 12, (TAGA) 8 and (GTGA) 8 as a probe, using the bead enrichment to build Oriental armyworm microsatellite enriched library. After genomic DNA digested ,300-700bp fragment recovered, connectors, purification, ligation products degeneration, has been combined with magnetic beads to capture target probe fragments, target fragments elution, PCR amplification, connected pGEM-T vector and transformed into DH5α and efficient competent cells, blue-white screening and other processes, and finally build a successful cloning of the armyworm contains 8531 microsatellite enriched library. From 866 randomly selected library clones were sequenced and analyzed in the presence of microsatellite sequences, statistical results show that the average micro-satellite built library clones rates 35.8% higher than in the past on the cotton bollworm, pine caterpillars and other Lepidoptera the results of similar studies insects.Software and manual analysis with REPEATMASKER combination has been selected for this study, a group of oriental armyworm microsatellite types, types of abundance variations in depth analysis and so on, and with InSatDb database of five whole-genome sequencing insects (black Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Tribolium castaneum, the Italian bee, silkworm) genome features and microsatellite variation were compared. This study has found 369 microsatellite sequences Oriental armyworm, 46 low-complexity regions, six transposable elements and a tRNA. From micro-satellite belonging to 21 different repeat motifs, to TTG / CAA motif of the micro- satellite up, accounting for 37.13% of total micro-satellite, followed by the CA / TG ​​class and CAT / ATG category, accounting for 30.89% and 15.72%. Together, these three micro-satellites accounted for 83.74% of micro-satellites. Also has a micro-satellite sequences from short ones, incomplete type (mutation) ones, AT-enriched ones, less complex and so on. These features with five full-genome sequencing of microsatellite insects are basically the same results. Not entirely based on micro-satellite repeats variation statistics, the proportion of nucleotide substitution is generally 0.6% -11.7%, 15.6% -26.1% individual; missing base percentage of 0.5% -10.6%, the proportion of 0.3% into the base - 11.3% on average at the insertion / deletion base 1-1.8, 3-6 to reach the individual bases. Further analysis found that Oriental armyworm microsatellite repeat variations still exist the following characteristics: nucleotide substitutions in the mutant an advantage, in all microsatellite loci in the proportion of 92.38% occurred, while the proportion of deletion and insertion were only micro-satellite 27.62% and 25.24%; replace + insert, replace + ratio close to the occurrence of missing, are little more than 20%, while the lack of + insert, replace, + missing + insertion is relatively low, 12% were slightly more; number two most of the micro-satellite TTG / CAA (137 个), TG / CA (114 unit) of the repeat sequence variation in conversion and transversion frequency of occurrence is not the same, the conversion to more than transversion; repeat length of 101-150bp and the sequence 151-200bp microsatellite mutation probability of a larger, more variation of the number of bases, but less than 50bp and 200bp microsatellite variation greater than the proportion and the proportion of nucleotide variation were significantly reduced; TTG / CAA microsatellite variation in class higher than TG / CA class, and variation in base ratio was significantly lower than the latter; microsatellite repeats variations near the 5 'end (a repeated sequence is divided into five sections, namely the 5' end, near the 5 'end, the middle , near the 3 'end, 3' end) the number of bases of variation, followed by the middle of the poles are relatively less common variation, and variation in the region up to near the 5 'end of the highest number of micro-satellites. In addition, various types of microsatellite loci flanking sequence comparison, only 11 found in the same class of multi-copy sequences flanking microsatellite loci involving 24 microsatellite loci, accounting for all microsatellite loci found in 6.50%. But did not find highly similar flanking microsatellites family.In the presence of microsatellite clone sequences, through sequence selection, primer design and synthesis, Touchdown PCR primaries (24 genomic DNA samples), optimized PCR optimization (24 genomic DNA samples), Genetic Analyzer re-election (48 genome DNA samples) and three screening were screened out eight polymorphic microsatellite markers (GenBank accession number FJ896055-FJ896062). for eight microsatellite loci in 48 samples of the allele distribution statistics, and use GenePop software for testing, the Bonferroni correction, are in line with Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg proportions), between microsatellite loci did not detect significant phase unbalanced gametes (gametic phase disequilibrium). Statistics calculated using Cervus software, various loci have 11-31 alleles, expected heterozygosity 0.747-0.931, showing a good all loci are polymorphic, can be used as oriental armyworm population studies of genetic markers.The innovation of this study is mainly manifested in the following areas: First, the improvement of the Lepidoptera adult genomic DNA extraction methods, to make it suitable for microsatellite enriched library construction, SSR markers and genotyping needs; Second, the domestic build the first successful microsatellite enriched library Oriental armyworm, sampling a higher rate of microsatellite positive clones; third, the first genome of Oriental armyworm microsatellite sequence features and mutation analysis of the genome enriched microsatellite Lepidoptera sequence information; four, the first Oriental armyworm selected 8 microsatellite markers, to fill the Oriental armyworm microsatellite markers blank.Degree Year: 2009