The Synthesis and Characterization of Red Lead, Bi2O3 and Cobalt Nanomaterials

　　The Synthesis and Characterization of Red Lead, Bi2O3 and Cobalt Nanomaterials
　　Red lead (Pb3O4), also known as minimum, trileadtetroxide or leadorthoplumbate, is normally a fine, dry, brilliant red colored compound usuallyused in the form of a powder which occurs naturally as the mineral minium. Incontrast to other lead oxides, the lead atoms in red lead occur in two differentoxidation states, i.e. Pb(II) and Pb(IV). Together with oxygen, they are arrangedin a tetragonal/pseudo-Brookite type of ionic lattice. Pb3O4 was historically usedas paint and the word miniature for illustrations in old manuscripts is derivedfrom minium. More recently, Pb3O4 has been used in batteries and ceramics andwas also Neodymium Magnets widely used in corrosion resistant oil based paints. Currently, becauseof limited studies on Pb3O4 nanostructures and its subsequent applications innanoscale electronic devices, investigations on the size-dependent properties oflead oxides are significantly delayed.In this article, two different methods were introduced, one was materialoxidation in furnace, and the other was oxidation in aqueous solution. In the firstapproach, red lead is produced in calcining furnaces in which the raw material isagitated while being heated at the optimum temperature for oxidation to therequired product. The temperature is held at a range of 450 to 500℃.
　　Then wereport on a convenient and controllable approach for the synthesis of red lead. Ina typical synthesis, the oxidant of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reacts with leadacetic (Pb (AC)2) in alkaline environment and the resulting products on theorder of 20~30nm can be obtained. Because of its simple technique, shortreaction procedure and a series of lead oxides can be made respectively bycontrol of oxidant, the method will http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets be valuable in preparation of nanometer leadoxide. We believe that there will be a new evolution in lead oxide industryaccompanied by progress in synthesis.From the standpoint of applications, due to its complicated structure andrelated properties, Bi2O3 is recognized as one of the most promising materialswhich can be used as a solid electrolyte in a variety of fuel cells, sensors, andmembranes, devices which utilize the unusually high oxygen ionic conductivityof this compound.
　　For many attractive properties and wide usage, thesynthesis of Bi2O3 especially Bi2O3 powders in nanoscale has been an importanttopic, and more and more approaches were used to product Bi2O3 powders. Here,we improved conventional deposition method, detracting the step for calcining.And the influences of the starting materials, mineralizers, reaction temperatureand time on the size of Bi2O3 are studied.Numerous physical and chemical methods have been employed to producemetal nanocrystals (NCs), including sputtering, metal evaporation, grinding,electrodeposition, solution phase metal salt reduction, and neutralorganometallic precursor decomposition. Small magnetic particles are ofimmense technological importance because of their use in magnetic recordingmedia and in the construction of permanent magnets. Several synthetictechniques have been applied to http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets synthesize magnetic metal (Fe and Co)nanoparticles, including thermal and sonachemical decomposition oforganometallic precursors, high-temperature reduction of metal salts, andreduction with reverse micelles. In this article, we showed a relatively simpleapproach for controlling the synthesis of cobalt nanocrystals. In aqueoussolution adding appropriate surfactant and legend, chloride cobalt was reduced tocobalt nanoparticles (25nm) by hydrazine at ambient conditions. In contrast toorganic and other methods, this approach is environment friendly and limitationof energy consume.